ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
CLSI, 2008. Defining, Establishing, and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory: Approved Guideline. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
-
2.
Solberg HE, 1987. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Scientific Committee, Clinical Section, Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values, and International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH), Standing Committee on Reference Values. Approved Recommendation (1986) on the theory of reference values. Part 1. The concept of reference values. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 25: 337–342.
-
3.
Koram K, Addae M, Ocran J, Adu-Amankwah S, Rogers W, Nkrumah F, 2007. Population based reference intervals for common blood haematological and biochemical parameters in the Akuapem North District. Ghana Med J 41: 160–166.
-
4.
Quinto L, Aponte JJ, Sacarlal J, Espasa M, Aide P, Mandomando I, Guinovart C, Macete E, Navia MM, Thompson R, Menendez C, Alonso PL, 2006. Haematological and biochemical indices in young African children: in search of reference intervals. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1741–1748.
-
5.
Buseri FISI, Jeremiah ZA, 2010. Reference values of hematological indices of infants, children, and adolescents in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International 2: 65–70.
-
6.
Dosoo DK, Kayan K, Adu-Gyasi D, Kwara E, Ocran J, Osei-Kwakye K, Mahama E, Amenga-Etego S, Bilson P, Asante KP, Koram KA, Owusu-Agyei S, 2012. Haematological and biochemical reference values for healthy adults in the middle belt of Ghana. PLoS ONE 7: e36308.
-
7.
Adetifa IM, Hill PC, Jeffries DJ, Jackson-Sillah D, Ibanga HB, Bah G, Donkor S, Corrah T, Adegbola RA, 2009. Haematological values from a Gambian cohort: possible reference range for a west African population. Int J Lab Hematol 31: 615–622.
-
8.
Karita E, Ketter N, Price MA, Kayitenkore K, Kaleebu P, Nanvubya A, Anzala O, Jaoko W, Mutua G, Ruzagira E, Mulenga J, Sanders EJ, Mwangome M, Allen S, Bwanika A, Bahemuka U, Awuondo K, Omosa G, Farah B, Amornkul P, Birungi J, Yates S, Stoll-Johnson L, Gilmour J, Stevens G, Shutes E, Manigart O, Hughes P, Dally L, Scott J, Stevens W, Fast P, Kamali A, 2009. CLSI-derived hematology and biochemistry reference intervals for healthy adults in eastern and southern Africa. PLoS ONE 4: e4401.
-
9.
Kibaya RS, Bautista CT, Sawe FK, Shaffer DN, Sateren WB, Scott PT, Michael NL, Robb ML, Birx DL, de Souza MS, 2008. Reference ranges for the clinical laboratory derived from a rural population in Kericho, Kenya. PLoS ONE 3: e3327.
-
10.
Saathoff E, Schneider P, Kleinfeldt V, Geis S, Haule D, Maboko L, Samky E, de Souza M, Robb M, Hoelscher M, 2008. Laboratory reference values for healthy adults from southern Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 13: 612–625.
-
11.
Wakeman L, Al-Ismail S, Benton A, Beddall A, Gibbs A, Hartnell S, Morris K, Munro R, 2007. Robust, routine haematology reference ranges for healthy adults. Int J Lab Hematol 29: 279–283.
-
12.
Kratz A, Ferraro M, Sluss PM, Lewandrowski KB, 2004. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Laboratory reference values. N Engl J Med 351: 1548–1563.
-
13.
Hoffbrand AV, Moss PA, Pettit JE, 2006. Essential Haematology. Malden, MA: Oxford: Blackwell Publications.
-
14.
Buchanan AM, Muro FJ, Gratz J, Crump JA, Musyoka AM, Sichangi MW, Morrissey AB, M'Rimberia JK, Njau BN, Msuya LJ, Bartlett JA, Cunningham CK, 2010. Establishment of haematological and immunological reference values for healthy Tanzanian children in Kilimanjaro Region. Trop Med Int Health 15: 1011–1021.
-
15.
Lugada ES, Mermin J, Kaharuza F, Ulvestad E, Were W, Langeland N, Asjo B, Malamba S, Downing R, 2004. Population-based hematologic and immunologic reference values for a healthy Ugandan population. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11: 29–34.
-
16.
Humberg A, Kammer J, Mordmuller B, Kremsner PG, Lell B, 2011. Haematological and biochemical reference intervals for infants and children in Gabon. Trop Med Int Health 16: 343–348.
-
17.
Blasutig IM, Jung B, Kulasingam V, Baradaran S, Chen Y, Chan MK, Colantonio D, Adeli K, 2010. Analytical evaluation of the VITROS 5600 Integrated System in a pediatric setting and determination of pediatric reference intervals. Clin Biochem 43: 1039–1044.
-
18.
Owusu-Agyei S, Nettey OE, Zandoh C, Sulemana A, Adda R, Amenga-Etego S, Mbacke C, 2012. Demographic patterns and trends in central Ghana: baseline indicators from the Kintampo Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Glob Health Action 5: 1–11.
-
19.
Ezzelle J, Rodriguez-Chavez IR, Darden JM, Stirewalt M, Kunwar N, Hitchcock R, Walter T, D'Souza MP, 2008. Guidelines on good clinical laboratory practice: bridging operations between research and clinical research laboratories. J Pharm Biomed Anal 46: 18–29.
-
20.
Stevens W, 2003. Good clinical laboratory practice (GCLP): the need for a hybrid of good laboratory practice and good clinical practice guidelines/standards for medical testing laboratories conducting clinical trials in developing countries. Qual Assur 10: 83–89.
-
21.
Yang L, Grey V, 2006. Pediatric reference intervals for bone markers. Clin Biochem 39: 561–568.
-
22.
Colantonio DA, Kyriakopoulou L, Chan MK, Daly CH, Brinc D, Venner AA, Pasic MD, Armbruster D, Adeli K, 2012. Closing the gaps in pediatric laboratory reference intervals: a CALIPER database of 40 biochemical markers in a healthy and multiethnic population of children. Clin Chem 58: 854–868.
-
23.
Zeh C, Amornkul PN, Inzaule S, Ondoa P, Oyaro B, Mwaengo DM, Vandenhoudt H, Gichangi A, Williamson J, Thomas T, Decock KM, Hart C, Nkengasong J, Laserson K, 2011. Population-based biochemistry, immunologic and hematological reference values for adolescents and young adults in a rural population in western Kenya. PLoS ONE 6: e21040.
-
24.
World Health Organization, 2001. Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention and Control. A Guide for Programme Managers. Geneva: World Health Organization Geneva.
-
25.
World Health Organization, 2011. Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
26.
Nkrumah B, Owusu M, Frempong HO, Averu P, 2011. Hepatitis B and C viral infections among blood donors from rural Ghana. Ghana Med J 45: 97–100.
-
27.
Sarkodie F, Adarkwa M, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Candotti D, Acheampong JW, Allain JP, 2001. Screening for viral markers in volunteer and replacement blood donors in west Africa. Vox Sang 80: 142–147.
-
28.
Peltzer K, 2009. Utilization and practice of traditional/complementary/alternative medicine (TM/CAM) in South Africa. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Medicines 6: 175–185.
-
29.
Marshall WJ, 2008. Clinical Chemistry. Edinburgh: Mosby Elsevier.
-
30.
Menard D, Mandeng MJ, Tothy MB, Kelembho EK, Gresenguet G, Talarmin A, 2003. Immunohematological reference ranges for adults from the Central African Republic. Clin Vaccine Immunol 10: 443–445.
-
31.
Azikiwe AN, 1984. Platelet count values in healthy Nigeria medical students in Jos. East Afr Med J 61: 482–485.
-
32.
Gill GV, England A, Marshal C, 1979. Low platelet counts in Zambians. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 73: 111–112.
-
33.
Tsegaye A, Messele T, Tilahun T, Hailu E, Sahlu T, Doorly R, Fontanet AL, Rinke de Wit TF, 1999. Immunohematological reference ranges for adult Ethiopians. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6: 410–414.
-
34.
Gerardin P, Rogier C, Ka AS, Jouvencel P, Brousse V, Imbert P, 2002. Prognostic value of thrombocytopenia in African children with falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 686–691.
-
35.
Bain BJ, 1996. Ethnic and sex differences in the total and differential white cell count and platelet count. J Clin Pathol 49: 664–666.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 634 | 572 | 86 |
| Full Text Views | 908 | 10 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 334 | 6 | 2 |
Biochemical and Hematologic Parameters for Children in the Middle Belt of Ghana
David K. Dosoo
David K. Dosoo
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by David K. Dosoo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by David K. Dosoo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Kwaku P. Asante
Kwaku P. Asante
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Kwaku P. Asante in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kwaku P. Asante in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Kingsley Kayan
Kingsley Kayan
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Kingsley Kayan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kingsley Kayan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Dennis Adu-Gyasi
Dennis Adu-Gyasi
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Dennis Adu-Gyasi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Dennis Adu-Gyasi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Kingsley Osei-Kwakye
Kingsley Osei-Kwakye
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Kingsley Osei-Kwakye in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kingsley Osei-Kwakye in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Emmanuel Mahama
Emmanuel Mahama
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Emmanuel Mahama in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Emmanuel Mahama in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Samuel Danso
Samuel Danso
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Samuel Danso in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Samuel Danso in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Stephen Amenga-Etego
Stephen Amenga-Etego
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Stephen Amenga-Etego in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Stephen Amenga-Etego in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Philip Bilson
Philip Bilson
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Philip Bilson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Philip Bilson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Kwadwo A. Koram
Kwadwo A. Koram
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Kwadwo A. Koram in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kwadwo A. Koram in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Seth Owusu-Agyei
Seth Owusu-Agyei
Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Search for other papers by Seth Owusu-Agyei in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Seth Owusu-Agyei in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Reference values derived from developed countries are used in many countries in Africa for interpretation of laboratory results obtained during routine healthcare and clinical trials. Use of locally derived reference values has been recommended. The purpose of the study was to establish age- and sex-specific reference values for children in the middle belt of Ghana. Reference values were determined for 21 biochemical and 18 hematologic parameters by using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines in a sample of 1,442 healthy children. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, erythrocytes, urea, and creatinine were lower when compared with values from northern countries but alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin were higher. A panel of locally relevant age- and sex-specific reference values was established for commonly used biochemical and hematologic tests in children in the middle part of Ghana. This will help in interpretation of laboratory results for clinical management of patients, screening, and safety monitoring during clinical trials.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health of the United States Contract no. HHSN266200400016C awarded to the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research and a subcontract to the Kintampo Health Research Centre.
Disclosure: None of the authors has any conflicts of interest.
Authors' addresses: David K. Dosoo, Kwaku P. Asante, Kingsley Kayan, Dennis Adu-Gyasi, Kingsley Osei-Kwakye, Emmanuel Mahama, Samuel Danso, Stephen Amenga-Etego, Philip Bilson, and Seth Owusu-Agyei, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana, E-mails: david.dosoo@kintampo-hrc.org, dennis.adu-gyasi@kintampo-hrc.org, kayan.kingsley@kintampo-hrc.org, kingsley.osei-kwakye@kintampo-hrc.org, mahana@kintampo-hrc.org, samuel.danso@kintampo-hrc.org, seeba.ae@kintampo-hrc.org, phillip.bilson@kintampo-hrc.org, and seth.owusu-agyei@kintampo-hrc.org. Kwadwo A. Koram, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Accra, Ghana, E-mail: kkoram@noguchi.mimcom.org.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
CLSI, 2008. Defining, Establishing, and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory: Approved Guideline. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
-
2.
Solberg HE, 1987. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Scientific Committee, Clinical Section, Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values, and International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH), Standing Committee on Reference Values. Approved Recommendation (1986) on the theory of reference values. Part 1. The concept of reference values. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 25: 337–342.
-
3.
Koram K, Addae M, Ocran J, Adu-Amankwah S, Rogers W, Nkrumah F, 2007. Population based reference intervals for common blood haematological and biochemical parameters in the Akuapem North District. Ghana Med J 41: 160–166.
-
4.
Quinto L, Aponte JJ, Sacarlal J, Espasa M, Aide P, Mandomando I, Guinovart C, Macete E, Navia MM, Thompson R, Menendez C, Alonso PL, 2006. Haematological and biochemical indices in young African children: in search of reference intervals. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1741–1748.
-
5.
Buseri FISI, Jeremiah ZA, 2010. Reference values of hematological indices of infants, children, and adolescents in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International 2: 65–70.
-
6.
Dosoo DK, Kayan K, Adu-Gyasi D, Kwara E, Ocran J, Osei-Kwakye K, Mahama E, Amenga-Etego S, Bilson P, Asante KP, Koram KA, Owusu-Agyei S, 2012. Haematological and biochemical reference values for healthy adults in the middle belt of Ghana. PLoS ONE 7: e36308.
-
7.
Adetifa IM, Hill PC, Jeffries DJ, Jackson-Sillah D, Ibanga HB, Bah G, Donkor S, Corrah T, Adegbola RA, 2009. Haematological values from a Gambian cohort: possible reference range for a west African population. Int J Lab Hematol 31: 615–622.
-
8.
Karita E, Ketter N, Price MA, Kayitenkore K, Kaleebu P, Nanvubya A, Anzala O, Jaoko W, Mutua G, Ruzagira E, Mulenga J, Sanders EJ, Mwangome M, Allen S, Bwanika A, Bahemuka U, Awuondo K, Omosa G, Farah B, Amornkul P, Birungi J, Yates S, Stoll-Johnson L, Gilmour J, Stevens G, Shutes E, Manigart O, Hughes P, Dally L, Scott J, Stevens W, Fast P, Kamali A, 2009. CLSI-derived hematology and biochemistry reference intervals for healthy adults in eastern and southern Africa. PLoS ONE 4: e4401.
-
9.
Kibaya RS, Bautista CT, Sawe FK, Shaffer DN, Sateren WB, Scott PT, Michael NL, Robb ML, Birx DL, de Souza MS, 2008. Reference ranges for the clinical laboratory derived from a rural population in Kericho, Kenya. PLoS ONE 3: e3327.
-
10.
Saathoff E, Schneider P, Kleinfeldt V, Geis S, Haule D, Maboko L, Samky E, de Souza M, Robb M, Hoelscher M, 2008. Laboratory reference values for healthy adults from southern Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 13: 612–625.
-
11.
Wakeman L, Al-Ismail S, Benton A, Beddall A, Gibbs A, Hartnell S, Morris K, Munro R, 2007. Robust, routine haematology reference ranges for healthy adults. Int J Lab Hematol 29: 279–283.
-
12.
Kratz A, Ferraro M, Sluss PM, Lewandrowski KB, 2004. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Laboratory reference values. N Engl J Med 351: 1548–1563.
-
13.
Hoffbrand AV, Moss PA, Pettit JE, 2006. Essential Haematology. Malden, MA: Oxford: Blackwell Publications.
-
14.
Buchanan AM, Muro FJ, Gratz J, Crump JA, Musyoka AM, Sichangi MW, Morrissey AB, M'Rimberia JK, Njau BN, Msuya LJ, Bartlett JA, Cunningham CK, 2010. Establishment of haematological and immunological reference values for healthy Tanzanian children in Kilimanjaro Region. Trop Med Int Health 15: 1011–1021.
-
15.
Lugada ES, Mermin J, Kaharuza F, Ulvestad E, Were W, Langeland N, Asjo B, Malamba S, Downing R, 2004. Population-based hematologic and immunologic reference values for a healthy Ugandan population. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11: 29–34.
-
16.
Humberg A, Kammer J, Mordmuller B, Kremsner PG, Lell B, 2011. Haematological and biochemical reference intervals for infants and children in Gabon. Trop Med Int Health 16: 343–348.
-
17.
Blasutig IM, Jung B, Kulasingam V, Baradaran S, Chen Y, Chan MK, Colantonio D, Adeli K, 2010. Analytical evaluation of the VITROS 5600 Integrated System in a pediatric setting and determination of pediatric reference intervals. Clin Biochem 43: 1039–1044.
-
18.
Owusu-Agyei S, Nettey OE, Zandoh C, Sulemana A, Adda R, Amenga-Etego S, Mbacke C, 2012. Demographic patterns and trends in central Ghana: baseline indicators from the Kintampo Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Glob Health Action 5: 1–11.
-
19.
Ezzelle J, Rodriguez-Chavez IR, Darden JM, Stirewalt M, Kunwar N, Hitchcock R, Walter T, D'Souza MP, 2008. Guidelines on good clinical laboratory practice: bridging operations between research and clinical research laboratories. J Pharm Biomed Anal 46: 18–29.
-
20.
Stevens W, 2003. Good clinical laboratory practice (GCLP): the need for a hybrid of good laboratory practice and good clinical practice guidelines/standards for medical testing laboratories conducting clinical trials in developing countries. Qual Assur 10: 83–89.
-
21.
Yang L, Grey V, 2006. Pediatric reference intervals for bone markers. Clin Biochem 39: 561–568.
-
22.
Colantonio DA, Kyriakopoulou L, Chan MK, Daly CH, Brinc D, Venner AA, Pasic MD, Armbruster D, Adeli K, 2012. Closing the gaps in pediatric laboratory reference intervals: a CALIPER database of 40 biochemical markers in a healthy and multiethnic population of children. Clin Chem 58: 854–868.
-
23.
Zeh C, Amornkul PN, Inzaule S, Ondoa P, Oyaro B, Mwaengo DM, Vandenhoudt H, Gichangi A, Williamson J, Thomas T, Decock KM, Hart C, Nkengasong J, Laserson K, 2011. Population-based biochemistry, immunologic and hematological reference values for adolescents and young adults in a rural population in western Kenya. PLoS ONE 6: e21040.
-
24.
World Health Organization, 2001. Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention and Control. A Guide for Programme Managers. Geneva: World Health Organization Geneva.
-
25.
World Health Organization, 2011. Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
26.
Nkrumah B, Owusu M, Frempong HO, Averu P, 2011. Hepatitis B and C viral infections among blood donors from rural Ghana. Ghana Med J 45: 97–100.
-
27.
Sarkodie F, Adarkwa M, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Candotti D, Acheampong JW, Allain JP, 2001. Screening for viral markers in volunteer and replacement blood donors in west Africa. Vox Sang 80: 142–147.
-
28.
Peltzer K, 2009. Utilization and practice of traditional/complementary/alternative medicine (TM/CAM) in South Africa. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Medicines 6: 175–185.
-
29.
Marshall WJ, 2008. Clinical Chemistry. Edinburgh: Mosby Elsevier.
-
30.
Menard D, Mandeng MJ, Tothy MB, Kelembho EK, Gresenguet G, Talarmin A, 2003. Immunohematological reference ranges for adults from the Central African Republic. Clin Vaccine Immunol 10: 443–445.
-
31.
Azikiwe AN, 1984. Platelet count values in healthy Nigeria medical students in Jos. East Afr Med J 61: 482–485.
-
32.
Gill GV, England A, Marshal C, 1979. Low platelet counts in Zambians. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 73: 111–112.
-
33.
Tsegaye A, Messele T, Tilahun T, Hailu E, Sahlu T, Doorly R, Fontanet AL, Rinke de Wit TF, 1999. Immunohematological reference ranges for adult Ethiopians. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6: 410–414.
-
34.
Gerardin P, Rogier C, Ka AS, Jouvencel P, Brousse V, Imbert P, 2002. Prognostic value of thrombocytopenia in African children with falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 686–691.
-
35.
Bain BJ, 1996. Ethnic and sex differences in the total and differential white cell count and platelet count. J Clin Pathol 49: 664–666.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 634 | 572 | 86 |
| Full Text Views | 908 | 10 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 334 | 6 | 2 |