ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
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-
1.
World Health Assembly, 1997. Resolution 50.29 Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as a Public Health Problem. Available at: http://www.who.int/lymphatic_filariasis/resources/WHA_50%2029.pdf. Accessed October 15, 2009.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2011. Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report on mass drug administration in 2010. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 86: 377–388.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2011. Meeting of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication, April 2011. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 86: 341–352.
-
4.
Njepuome NA, Hopkins DR, Richards FO Jr, Anagbogu IN, Pearce PO, Jibril MM, Okoronkwo C, Sofola OT, Withers PC Jr, Ruiz-Tiben E, Miri ES, Eigege A, Emukah EC, Nwobi BC, Jiya JY, 2009. Nigeria's war on terror: fighting dracunculiasis, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, and schistosomiasis at the grassroots. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 691–698.
-
5.
Hopkins DR, Eigege A, Miri ES, Gontor I, Ogah G, Umaru J, Gwomkudu CC, Mathai W, Jinadu M, Amadiegwu S, Oyenekan OK, Korve K, Richards FO, 2002. Lymphatic filariasis elimination and schistosomiasis control in combination with onchocerciasis control in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 266–272.
-
6.
Lenhart A, Eigege A, Kal A, Pam D, Miri ES, Gerlong G, Oneyka J, Sambo Y, Danboyi J, Ibrahim B, Dahl E, Kumbak D, Dakul A, Jinadu MY, Umaru J, Richards FO, Lehmann T, 2007. Contributions of different mosquito species to the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in central Nigeria: implications for monitoring infection by PCR in mosquito pools. Filaria J 6: 14.
-
7.
Richards F, Eigege A, Miri ES, Kal A, Umaru J, Pam D, Rakers L, Sambo Y, Danboyi J, Ibrahim B, Adelamo S, Ogah G, Goshit D, Oyenekan OK, Mathieu E, Withers C, Saka Y, Jiya J, Hopkins D, 2011. Epidemiological and entomological evaluations after six years or more of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in Nigeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1346.
-
8.
Eigege A, Richards FO, Blaney DD, Miri ES, Gontor I, Ogah G, Umaru J, Jinadu MY, Mathai W, Amadiegwu S, Hopkins DR, 2003. Rapid assessment for lymphatic filariasis in central Nigeria: a comparison of the immunochromatographic card test and hydrocele rates in an area of high endemicity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 643–646.
-
9.
World Health Organization, 2005. Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of the Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis at Implementation Unit Level. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
10.
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, 2006. The PacELF Way: Towards the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis from the Pacific, 1999–2005. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
11.
Burkot T, Graves P, Kimura E, Koroivueta J, Lam NN, Ichimori K, Colata M, Furuya Y, Takamiya A, Gibbons E, Washington C, 2004. PacMan Book: PacELF Monitoring and Analysis Network. Suva, Fiji: PacELF Home Office.
-
12.
Ramzy RM, Setouhy ME, Helmy H, Ahmed ES, Elazis KM, Farid HA, Shannon WD, Weil GJ, 2006. Effect of yearly mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: a comprehensive assessment. Lancet 367: 992–999.
-
13.
World Health Organization, 2011. Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of Mass Drug Administration in the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: A Manual for National Elimination Programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
14.
King JD, Eigege A, Richards F, Jip N, Umaru J, Deming M, Miri E, McFarland D, Emerson PM, 2009. Integrating NTD mapping protocols. Can surveys for trachoma and urinary schistosomiasis be done simultaneously? Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 793–798.
-
15.
King JD, Jip N, Jugu YS, Othman A, Rodgers AF, Dajom DY, Miri E, Emerson PM, 2010. Mapping trachoma in Nasarawa and Plateau states, central Nigeria. Br J Ophthalmol 94: 14–19.
-
16.
Weil GJ, Lammie PJ, Weiss N, 1997. The ICT Filariasis Test: a rapid-format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. Parasitol Today 13: 401–404.
-
17.
National Population Commission (NPD) Nigeria, 2004. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Calverton, MD: ORC Macro.
-
18.
Grady C, Beau de Rochards M, Direny A, Orelus JN, Wendt J, Radday J, Mathieu E, Roberts JM, Streit TG, Addiss DG, Lammie PJ, 2007. Endpoints for lymphatic filariasis programs. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 608–610.
-
19.
Weil GJ, Ramzy RM, Chandrashekar R, Gad AM, Lowrie RC Jr, Faris R, 1996. Parasite antigenemia without microfilaremia in bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 333–337.
-
20.
Simonsen PE, Meyrowitsch DW, Jaoko WG, Malecela MN, Mukoko D, Pedersen EM, Ouma JH, Rwegoshora RT, Masese N, Magnussen P, Estambale BA, Michael E, 2002. Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease, and specific antibody response patterns in a high and low endemicity community in East Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 550–559.
-
21.
Joseph H, Maiava F, Naseri T, Taleo F, Ake M, Capuano C, Melrose W, 2011. Application of the filariasis CELISA antifilarial IgG(4) antibody assay in surveillance in lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes in the South Pacific. J Trop Med Epub: 492023. DOI:10.1155/2011/492023
-
22.
Figueredo-Silva J, Jungmann P, Noroes J, Piessens WF, Coutinho A, Brito C, Rocha A, Dreyer G, 1996. Histological evidence for adulticidal effect of low doses of diethylcarbamazine in bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 192–194.
-
23.
Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro M, Simonsen PE, Pedersen EM, Barker G, Kumar A, Kazura JW, 2004. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet 4: 223–234.
-
24.
Mathieu E, Dorkenoo A, Otogbe FK, Budge PJ, Sodahlon YK, 2011. A laboratory-based surveillance system for Wuchereria bancrofti in Togo: a practical model for resource-poor settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 988–993.
-
25.
Liang JL, King JD, Ichimori K, Handzel T, Pa'au M, Lammie PJ, 2008. Impact of five annual rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on Wuchereria bancrofti infection in American Samoa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 924–928.
-
26.
Burkot TR, Durrheim DN, Melrose WD, Speare R, Ichimori K, 2006. The argument for integrating vector control with multiple drug administration campaigns to ensure elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Filaria J 5: 10.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 505 | 479 | 68 |
| Full Text Views | 386 | 17 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 44 | 3 | 0 |
Evidence for Stopping Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis in Some, But Not All Local Government Areas of Plateau and Nasarawa States, Nigeria
Jonathan D. King
Jonathan D. King
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Abel Eigege
Abel Eigege
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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John Umaru
John Umaru
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Nimzing Jip
Nimzing Jip
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Emmanuel Miri
Emmanuel Miri
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Jonathan Jiya
Jonathan Jiya
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Kal M. Alphonsus
Kal M. Alphonsus
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Yohanna Sambo
Yohanna Sambo
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Patricia Graves
Patricia Graves
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Frank Richards Jr.
Frank Richards Jr.
The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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An average of six annual rounds of ivermectin and albendazole were distributed in Plateau and Nasarawa States, Nigeria, to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. From 2007 to 2008, population-based surveys were implemented in all 30 local government areas (LGAs) of the two states to determine the prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia to assess which LGA mass drug administration (MDA) could be halted. In total, 36,681 persons from 7,819 households were examined for filarial antigen as determined by immunochromatographic card tests. Overall antigen prevalence was 3.05% (exact upper 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.41%) with an upper 95% CI range by LGA of 0.50–19.3%. Among 3,233 children 6–7 years of age, overall antigen prevalence was 1.71% (exact upper 95% CI = 2.19%), too high to recommend generally halting MDA in the two-state area. However, based on criteria of < 2% antigenemia among persons > 2 years of age, stopping MDA was recommended for 10 LGAs.
Author Notes
Financial support: The survey described in this work was funded by generous grants to The Carter Center by GlaxoSmithKline and by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders had no role in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the paper; and decision to submit it for publication.
Authors' addresses: Jonathan D. King, Patricia Graves, and Frank Richards Jr., The Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: jonathan.king@emory.edu, pgraves.work@gmail.com, and frich01@emory.edu. Abel Eigege, John Umaru, Nimzing Jip, Emmanuel Miri, Kal M. Alphonsus, and Yohanna Sambo, The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, E-mails: eigegea@yahoo.com, umaruja@yahoo.com, flmnimzing@yahoo.com, emmamiri@yahoo.com, kalalphonsus@yahoo.com, and Yohannachuwang@yahoo.com. Jonathan Jiya, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria, E-mail: jiyajy@yahoo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Assembly, 1997. Resolution 50.29 Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as a Public Health Problem. Available at: http://www.who.int/lymphatic_filariasis/resources/WHA_50%2029.pdf. Accessed October 15, 2009.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2011. Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report on mass drug administration in 2010. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 86: 377–388.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2011. Meeting of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication, April 2011. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 86: 341–352.
-
4.
Njepuome NA, Hopkins DR, Richards FO Jr, Anagbogu IN, Pearce PO, Jibril MM, Okoronkwo C, Sofola OT, Withers PC Jr, Ruiz-Tiben E, Miri ES, Eigege A, Emukah EC, Nwobi BC, Jiya JY, 2009. Nigeria's war on terror: fighting dracunculiasis, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, and schistosomiasis at the grassroots. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 691–698.
-
5.
Hopkins DR, Eigege A, Miri ES, Gontor I, Ogah G, Umaru J, Gwomkudu CC, Mathai W, Jinadu M, Amadiegwu S, Oyenekan OK, Korve K, Richards FO, 2002. Lymphatic filariasis elimination and schistosomiasis control in combination with onchocerciasis control in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 266–272.
-
6.
Lenhart A, Eigege A, Kal A, Pam D, Miri ES, Gerlong G, Oneyka J, Sambo Y, Danboyi J, Ibrahim B, Dahl E, Kumbak D, Dakul A, Jinadu MY, Umaru J, Richards FO, Lehmann T, 2007. Contributions of different mosquito species to the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in central Nigeria: implications for monitoring infection by PCR in mosquito pools. Filaria J 6: 14.
-
7.
Richards F, Eigege A, Miri ES, Kal A, Umaru J, Pam D, Rakers L, Sambo Y, Danboyi J, Ibrahim B, Adelamo S, Ogah G, Goshit D, Oyenekan OK, Mathieu E, Withers C, Saka Y, Jiya J, Hopkins D, 2011. Epidemiological and entomological evaluations after six years or more of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in Nigeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1346.
-
8.
Eigege A, Richards FO, Blaney DD, Miri ES, Gontor I, Ogah G, Umaru J, Jinadu MY, Mathai W, Amadiegwu S, Hopkins DR, 2003. Rapid assessment for lymphatic filariasis in central Nigeria: a comparison of the immunochromatographic card test and hydrocele rates in an area of high endemicity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 643–646.
-
9.
World Health Organization, 2005. Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of the Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis at Implementation Unit Level. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
10.
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, 2006. The PacELF Way: Towards the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis from the Pacific, 1999–2005. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
11.
Burkot T, Graves P, Kimura E, Koroivueta J, Lam NN, Ichimori K, Colata M, Furuya Y, Takamiya A, Gibbons E, Washington C, 2004. PacMan Book: PacELF Monitoring and Analysis Network. Suva, Fiji: PacELF Home Office.
-
12.
Ramzy RM, Setouhy ME, Helmy H, Ahmed ES, Elazis KM, Farid HA, Shannon WD, Weil GJ, 2006. Effect of yearly mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: a comprehensive assessment. Lancet 367: 992–999.
-
13.
World Health Organization, 2011. Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of Mass Drug Administration in the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: A Manual for National Elimination Programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
14.
King JD, Eigege A, Richards F, Jip N, Umaru J, Deming M, Miri E, McFarland D, Emerson PM, 2009. Integrating NTD mapping protocols. Can surveys for trachoma and urinary schistosomiasis be done simultaneously? Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 793–798.
-
15.
King JD, Jip N, Jugu YS, Othman A, Rodgers AF, Dajom DY, Miri E, Emerson PM, 2010. Mapping trachoma in Nasarawa and Plateau states, central Nigeria. Br J Ophthalmol 94: 14–19.
-
16.
Weil GJ, Lammie PJ, Weiss N, 1997. The ICT Filariasis Test: a rapid-format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. Parasitol Today 13: 401–404.
-
17.
National Population Commission (NPD) Nigeria, 2004. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Calverton, MD: ORC Macro.
-
18.
Grady C, Beau de Rochards M, Direny A, Orelus JN, Wendt J, Radday J, Mathieu E, Roberts JM, Streit TG, Addiss DG, Lammie PJ, 2007. Endpoints for lymphatic filariasis programs. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 608–610.
-
19.
Weil GJ, Ramzy RM, Chandrashekar R, Gad AM, Lowrie RC Jr, Faris R, 1996. Parasite antigenemia without microfilaremia in bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 333–337.
-
20.
Simonsen PE, Meyrowitsch DW, Jaoko WG, Malecela MN, Mukoko D, Pedersen EM, Ouma JH, Rwegoshora RT, Masese N, Magnussen P, Estambale BA, Michael E, 2002. Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease, and specific antibody response patterns in a high and low endemicity community in East Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 550–559.
-
21.
Joseph H, Maiava F, Naseri T, Taleo F, Ake M, Capuano C, Melrose W, 2011. Application of the filariasis CELISA antifilarial IgG(4) antibody assay in surveillance in lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes in the South Pacific. J Trop Med Epub: 492023. DOI:10.1155/2011/492023
-
22.
Figueredo-Silva J, Jungmann P, Noroes J, Piessens WF, Coutinho A, Brito C, Rocha A, Dreyer G, 1996. Histological evidence for adulticidal effect of low doses of diethylcarbamazine in bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 192–194.
-
23.
Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro M, Simonsen PE, Pedersen EM, Barker G, Kumar A, Kazura JW, 2004. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet 4: 223–234.
-
24.
Mathieu E, Dorkenoo A, Otogbe FK, Budge PJ, Sodahlon YK, 2011. A laboratory-based surveillance system for Wuchereria bancrofti in Togo: a practical model for resource-poor settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 988–993.
-
25.
Liang JL, King JD, Ichimori K, Handzel T, Pa'au M, Lammie PJ, 2008. Impact of five annual rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on Wuchereria bancrofti infection in American Samoa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 924–928.
-
26.
Burkot TR, Durrheim DN, Melrose WD, Speare R, Ichimori K, 2006. The argument for integrating vector control with multiple drug administration campaigns to ensure elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Filaria J 5: 10.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 505 | 479 | 68 |
| Full Text Views | 386 | 17 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 44 | 3 | 0 |