ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010. Surveillance for West Nile virus disease—United States, 1999–2008. MMWR Surveill Summ 59: 1–17.
-
2.
Reimann C, Hayes E, DiGuiseppi C, Hoffman R, Lehman J, Lindsey N, Campbell G, Fischer M, 2008. Epidemiology of neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the United States, 1999–2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 974–979.
-
3.
Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A, Miller J, O'Leary D, Murray K, Huang A, Rosenberg A, Greenberg A, Sherman M, Wong S, Layton M, 2001. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N Engl J Med 344: 1807–1814.
-
4.
Mostashari F, Bunning ML, Kitsutani PT, Singer DA, Nash D, Cooper MJ, Katz N, Liljebjelke KA, Biggerstaff BJ, Fine AD, Layton MC, Mullin SM, Johnson AJ, Martin DA, Hayes EB, Campbell GL, 2001. Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey. Lancet 358: 261–264.
-
5.
Campbell G, Marfin A, Lanciotti R, Gubler D, 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2: 519–529.
-
6.
Hayes E, Sejvar J, Zaki S, Lanciotti R, Bode A, Campbell G, 2005. Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1174–1179.
-
7.
Watson J, Pertel P, Jones R, Siston A, Paul W, Austin C, Gerber S, 2004. Clinical characteristics and functional outcomes of West Nile fever. Ann Intern Med 141: 360–365.
-
8.
Ruiz M, Tedesco C, McTighe T, Austin C, Kitron U, 2004. Environmental and social determinants of human risk during a West Nile virus outbreak in the greater Chicago area, 2002. Int J Health Geogr 3: 8.
-
9.
LaBeaud A, Kile J, Kippes C, King C, Mandalakas A, 2007. Exposure to West Nile virus during the 2002 epidemic in Cuyahoga County, Ohio: a comparison of pediatric and adult behaviors. Public Health Rep 122: 356–361.
-
10.
Brownstein J, Rosen H, Purdy D, Miller J, Merlino M, Mostashari F, Fish D, 2002. Spatial analysis of West Nile virus: rapid risk assessment of an introduced vector-borne zoonosis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2: 157–164.
-
11.
Eisen L, Barker C, Moore C, Pape WJ, Winters A, Cheronis N, 2010. Irrigated agriculture is an important risk factor for West Nile virus disease in the hyperendemic Larimer-Boulder-Weld area of north central Colorado. J Med Entomol 47: 939–951.
-
12.
Harrigan R, Thomassen H, Buermann W, Cummings R, Kahn M, Smith T, 2010. Economic conditions predict prevalence of West Nile virus. PLoS ONE 5: e15437.
-
13.
LaBeaud AD, Gorman A-M, Koonce J, Kippes C, McLeod J, Lynch J, Gallagher T, King C, Mandalakas A, 2008. Rapid GIS-based profiling of West Nile virus transmission: defining environmental factors associated with an urban-suburban outbreak in northeast Ohio, USA. Geospat Health 2: 215–225.
-
14.
Reisen W, Takahashi R, Carroll B, Quiring R, 2008. Delinquent mortgages, neglected swimming pools, and West Nile virus, California. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1747–1749.
-
15.
Han LL, Popovici F, Alexander JP, Laurentia V, Tengelsen LA, Cernescu C, Gary HE, Ion-Nedelcu N, Campbell GL, Tsai TF, 1999. Risk factors for West Nile virus infection and meningoencephalitis, Romania, 1996. J Infect Dis 179: 230–233.
-
16.
Loeb M, Elliott S, Gibson B, Fearon M, Nosal R, Drebot M, D'Cuhna C, Harrington D, Smith S, George P, Eyles J, 2005. Protective behavior and West Nile virus risk. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1433–1436.
-
17.
Maricopa County Department of Public Health, 2010. West Nile Virus in Maricopa County: January 1, 2010–December 31, 2010. Available at: http://www.maricopa.gov/publichealth/Services/EPI/pdf/wnv/10/WNVEOY2010.pdf. Accessed November 10, 2011.
-
18.
Arizona Department of Health Services, 2010. Arizona 2010 West Nile Virus Statistics. Available at: http://www.westnileaz.com/pdf/wnv2010.pdf. Accessed November 10, 2011.
-
19.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004. West Nile virus activity–United States, November 9–16, 2004. MMWR 53: 1071–1072.
-
20.
Tilley PA, Walle R, Chow A, Jayaraman G, Fonseca K, Drebot M, Preiksaitis J, Fox J, 2005. Clinical utility of commercial enzyme immunoassays during the inaugural season of West Nile virus activity, Alberta, Canada. J Clin Microbiol 43: 4691–4695.
-
21.
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Meyer RP, Pfuntner AR, Spoehel J, Hazelrigg JE, Webb JP Jr, 1991. Mark-release-recapture studies with Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southern California. J Med Entomol 28: 357–371.
-
22.
Rubin DB, 1987. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
-
23.
Ashford D, Savage H, Hajjeh R, McReady J, Bartholomew D, Spiegel R, Vorndam V, Clark G, Gubler D, 2003. Outbreak of dengue fever in Palau, Western Pacific: risk factors for infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 135–140.
-
24.
Heukelbach J, de Oliveira FA, Kerr Pontes LR, Feldmeier H, 2001. Risk factors associated with an outbreak of dengue fever in a favela in Fortaleza, north-east Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 6: 635–642.
-
25.
Koopman JS, Prevots DR, Vaca Marin MA, Gomez Dantes H, Zarate Aquino ML, Longini IM, Sepulveda Amor J, 1991. Determinants and predictors of dengue infection in Mexico. Am J Epi 133: 1168–1178.
-
26.
Kronenwetter Koepel T, Meece J, Miller C, Reed K, 2005. Surveillance of above- and below-ground mosquito breeding habitats in a rural midwestern community: baseline data for larvicidal control measures against West Nile virus vectors. Clin Med Res 3: 3–12.
-
27.
Vazquez-Prokopec G, Vanden Eng J, Kelly R, Mead D, Kolhe P, Howgate J, Kitron U, Burkot T, 2010. West Nile virus infection risk is associated with combined sewer overflow streams in urban Atlanta, Georgia. Environ Health Perspect 118: 1382–1388.
-
28.
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Meyer RP, 1992. Population dynamics of adult Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Kern River, Kern County, California, in 1990. J Med Entomol 29: 531–543.
-
29.
Vinogradova E, 2000. Culex pipiens pipiens Mosquitoes: Taxonomy, Distribution, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics, Applied Importance and Control. Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft Publishers.
-
30.
Marfin AA, Bleed DM, Lofgren JP, Olin AC, Savage HM, Smith GC, Moore PS, Karabatsos N, Tsai TF, 1993. Epidemiologic aspects of a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Jefferson County Arkansas, 1991. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 30–37.
-
31.
Meehan PJ, Wells DL, Paul W, Buff E, Lewis A, Muth D, Hopkins R, Karabatsos N, Tsai TF, 2000. Epidemiological features of and public health response to a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Florida, 1990–1. Epi Infect 125: 181–188.
-
32.
Henderson BE, Pigford CA, Work T, Wende RD, 1970. Serologic survey for St. Louis encephalitis and other group B arbovirus antibodies in residents of Houston, Texas. Am J Epi 91: 87–98.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 510 | 444 | 49 |
| Full Text Views | 450 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 157 | 2 | 0 |
Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010
Katherine B. Gibney
Katherine B. Gibney
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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James Colborn
James Colborn
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Steven Baty
Steven Baty
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Andrean M. Bunko Patterson
Andrean M. Bunko Patterson
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Tammy Sylvester
Tammy Sylvester
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Graham Briggs
Graham Briggs
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Tasha Stewart
Tasha Stewart
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Craig Levy
Craig Levy
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Ken Komatsu
Ken Komatsu
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Katherine MacMillan
Katherine MacMillan
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Mark J. Delorey
Mark J. Delorey
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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John-Paul Mutebi
John-Paul Mutebi
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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Marc Fischer
Marc Fischer
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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J. Erin Staples
J. Erin Staples
Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, Colorado; Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona; Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona; Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, Arizona
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West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the United States; however, risk factors for infection are poorly defined. We performed a case-control study to identify modifiable risk factors for WNV infection. Case-patients (N = 49) had laboratory evidence of recent WNV infection, whereas control-subjects (N = 74) had negative WNV serology. We interviewed participants, surveyed households, and assessed environmental data. WNV infection was associated with living in or near Water District X within Gilbert Township (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.5–18.1), having water-holding containers in their yard (aOR 5.0; 95% CI = 1.5–17.3), and not working or attending school outside the home (aOR 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1–5.5). During this outbreak, WNV infection was likely primarily acquired peri-domestically with increased risk associated with potential mosquito larval habitats around the home and neighborhood.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Katherine B. Gibney, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Australia, E-mail: Katherine.Gibney@monash.edu. James Colborn, Division Of Parasitic Diseases And Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: fue6@cdc.gov. Steven Baty, U.S. Army, Public Health Command and Region-Europe, Landstuhl, Germany, E-mail: steven.baty@us.army.mil. Andrean M. Bunko Patterson, Tammy Sylvester, and Craig Levy, Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, AZ, E-mails: AndreanBunkoPatterson@mail.maricopa.gov, tammysylvester@mail.maricopa.gov, and CraigLevy@mail.maricopa.gov. Graham Briggs, Pinal County Division of Public Health, Florence, AZ, E-mail: grahambriggs@pinalcountyaz.gov. Tasha Stewart, Tempe Police Department, Tempe, AZ, E-mail: stewarttasha@gmail.com. Ken Komatsu, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, E-mail: Ken.Komatsu@azdhs.gov. Katherine MacMillan, Mark J. Delorey, John-Paul Mutebi, Marc Fischer, and J. Erin Staples, Division of Vector-borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: iky4@cdc.gov, esy7@cdc.gov, grv0@cdc.gov, mxf2@cdc.gov, and auv1@cdc.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010. Surveillance for West Nile virus disease—United States, 1999–2008. MMWR Surveill Summ 59: 1–17.
-
2.
Reimann C, Hayes E, DiGuiseppi C, Hoffman R, Lehman J, Lindsey N, Campbell G, Fischer M, 2008. Epidemiology of neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the United States, 1999–2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 974–979.
-
3.
Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A, Miller J, O'Leary D, Murray K, Huang A, Rosenberg A, Greenberg A, Sherman M, Wong S, Layton M, 2001. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N Engl J Med 344: 1807–1814.
-
4.
Mostashari F, Bunning ML, Kitsutani PT, Singer DA, Nash D, Cooper MJ, Katz N, Liljebjelke KA, Biggerstaff BJ, Fine AD, Layton MC, Mullin SM, Johnson AJ, Martin DA, Hayes EB, Campbell GL, 2001. Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey. Lancet 358: 261–264.
-
5.
Campbell G, Marfin A, Lanciotti R, Gubler D, 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2: 519–529.
-
6.
Hayes E, Sejvar J, Zaki S, Lanciotti R, Bode A, Campbell G, 2005. Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1174–1179.
-
7.
Watson J, Pertel P, Jones R, Siston A, Paul W, Austin C, Gerber S, 2004. Clinical characteristics and functional outcomes of West Nile fever. Ann Intern Med 141: 360–365.
-
8.
Ruiz M, Tedesco C, McTighe T, Austin C, Kitron U, 2004. Environmental and social determinants of human risk during a West Nile virus outbreak in the greater Chicago area, 2002. Int J Health Geogr 3: 8.
-
9.
LaBeaud A, Kile J, Kippes C, King C, Mandalakas A, 2007. Exposure to West Nile virus during the 2002 epidemic in Cuyahoga County, Ohio: a comparison of pediatric and adult behaviors. Public Health Rep 122: 356–361.
-
10.
Brownstein J, Rosen H, Purdy D, Miller J, Merlino M, Mostashari F, Fish D, 2002. Spatial analysis of West Nile virus: rapid risk assessment of an introduced vector-borne zoonosis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2: 157–164.
-
11.
Eisen L, Barker C, Moore C, Pape WJ, Winters A, Cheronis N, 2010. Irrigated agriculture is an important risk factor for West Nile virus disease in the hyperendemic Larimer-Boulder-Weld area of north central Colorado. J Med Entomol 47: 939–951.
-
12.
Harrigan R, Thomassen H, Buermann W, Cummings R, Kahn M, Smith T, 2010. Economic conditions predict prevalence of West Nile virus. PLoS ONE 5: e15437.
-
13.
LaBeaud AD, Gorman A-M, Koonce J, Kippes C, McLeod J, Lynch J, Gallagher T, King C, Mandalakas A, 2008. Rapid GIS-based profiling of West Nile virus transmission: defining environmental factors associated with an urban-suburban outbreak in northeast Ohio, USA. Geospat Health 2: 215–225.
-
14.
Reisen W, Takahashi R, Carroll B, Quiring R, 2008. Delinquent mortgages, neglected swimming pools, and West Nile virus, California. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1747–1749.
-
15.
Han LL, Popovici F, Alexander JP, Laurentia V, Tengelsen LA, Cernescu C, Gary HE, Ion-Nedelcu N, Campbell GL, Tsai TF, 1999. Risk factors for West Nile virus infection and meningoencephalitis, Romania, 1996. J Infect Dis 179: 230–233.
-
16.
Loeb M, Elliott S, Gibson B, Fearon M, Nosal R, Drebot M, D'Cuhna C, Harrington D, Smith S, George P, Eyles J, 2005. Protective behavior and West Nile virus risk. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1433–1436.
-
17.
Maricopa County Department of Public Health, 2010. West Nile Virus in Maricopa County: January 1, 2010–December 31, 2010. Available at: http://www.maricopa.gov/publichealth/Services/EPI/pdf/wnv/10/WNVEOY2010.pdf. Accessed November 10, 2011.
-
18.
Arizona Department of Health Services, 2010. Arizona 2010 West Nile Virus Statistics. Available at: http://www.westnileaz.com/pdf/wnv2010.pdf. Accessed November 10, 2011.
-
19.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004. West Nile virus activity–United States, November 9–16, 2004. MMWR 53: 1071–1072.
-
20.
Tilley PA, Walle R, Chow A, Jayaraman G, Fonseca K, Drebot M, Preiksaitis J, Fox J, 2005. Clinical utility of commercial enzyme immunoassays during the inaugural season of West Nile virus activity, Alberta, Canada. J Clin Microbiol 43: 4691–4695.
-
21.
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Meyer RP, Pfuntner AR, Spoehel J, Hazelrigg JE, Webb JP Jr, 1991. Mark-release-recapture studies with Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southern California. J Med Entomol 28: 357–371.
-
22.
Rubin DB, 1987. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
-
23.
Ashford D, Savage H, Hajjeh R, McReady J, Bartholomew D, Spiegel R, Vorndam V, Clark G, Gubler D, 2003. Outbreak of dengue fever in Palau, Western Pacific: risk factors for infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 135–140.
-
24.
Heukelbach J, de Oliveira FA, Kerr Pontes LR, Feldmeier H, 2001. Risk factors associated with an outbreak of dengue fever in a favela in Fortaleza, north-east Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 6: 635–642.
-
25.
Koopman JS, Prevots DR, Vaca Marin MA, Gomez Dantes H, Zarate Aquino ML, Longini IM, Sepulveda Amor J, 1991. Determinants and predictors of dengue infection in Mexico. Am J Epi 133: 1168–1178.
-
26.
Kronenwetter Koepel T, Meece J, Miller C, Reed K, 2005. Surveillance of above- and below-ground mosquito breeding habitats in a rural midwestern community: baseline data for larvicidal control measures against West Nile virus vectors. Clin Med Res 3: 3–12.
-
27.
Vazquez-Prokopec G, Vanden Eng J, Kelly R, Mead D, Kolhe P, Howgate J, Kitron U, Burkot T, 2010. West Nile virus infection risk is associated with combined sewer overflow streams in urban Atlanta, Georgia. Environ Health Perspect 118: 1382–1388.
-
28.
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Meyer RP, 1992. Population dynamics of adult Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Kern River, Kern County, California, in 1990. J Med Entomol 29: 531–543.
-
29.
Vinogradova E, 2000. Culex pipiens pipiens Mosquitoes: Taxonomy, Distribution, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics, Applied Importance and Control. Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft Publishers.
-
30.
Marfin AA, Bleed DM, Lofgren JP, Olin AC, Savage HM, Smith GC, Moore PS, Karabatsos N, Tsai TF, 1993. Epidemiologic aspects of a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Jefferson County Arkansas, 1991. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 30–37.
-
31.
Meehan PJ, Wells DL, Paul W, Buff E, Lewis A, Muth D, Hopkins R, Karabatsos N, Tsai TF, 2000. Epidemiological features of and public health response to a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Florida, 1990–1. Epi Infect 125: 181–188.
-
32.
Henderson BE, Pigford CA, Work T, Wende RD, 1970. Serologic survey for St. Louis encephalitis and other group B arbovirus antibodies in residents of Houston, Texas. Am J Epi 91: 87–98.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 510 | 444 | 49 |
| Full Text Views | 450 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 157 | 2 | 0 |