ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Brasil Ministério da Saúde, 2010. Manual de Vigilância da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana. Segunda Edição Atualizada. Brasília: Editora do Ministério da Saúde, 17–31.
-
2.
Marzochi MC, Marzochi KB, 1994. Tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases in Brazil: emerging antropozoonosis and possibilities for their control. Cad Saude Publica 10: 359–375.
-
3.
Amato VS, Tuon FF, Bacha HA, Amato-Neto V, Nicodemo AC, 2008. Mucosal leishmaniasis: current scenario and prospects for treatment. Acta Trop 105: 1–9.
-
4.
Brandão SP, Brito ME, Carvalho FG, Ishikawa EA, Cupolillo E, Floeter-Winter L, Shaw JJ, 2003. Wild and synantropic hosts of Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis in the endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis locality of Amaraji, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97: 291–296.
-
5.
Silveira FT, Lainson R, Corbett CE, 2004. Clinical and immunopathological spectrum of American cutaneous leishmaniasis with special reference to the disease in Amazonian Brazil: a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 99: 239–251.
-
6.
Costa JM, 2005. Epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Brazil. Gaz Med Bahia 75: 3–17.
-
7.
Pacheco RS, Lopes UG, Morel CM, Grimaldi G Jr, Momen H, 1986 Schizodeme analysis of Leishmania isolates and comparison with some phenotypic techniques, 57–65. Rioux J-A, ed. Leishmania. Taxonomy and Phyogeny, Montpellier, France: IMEEE, 57–65.
-
8.
Tomaz-Soccol V, Lanotte G, Rioux J, Pratlong F, Martini-Dumas A, Serres E, 1993. Monophyletic origin of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 68: 107–108.
-
9.
Cupolillo E, Grimaldi G Jr, Momen H, 1994. A general classification of New World Leishmania using numerical zymotaxonomy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50: 296–311.
-
10.
Pacheco RS, Fernandes O, Salinas G, Segura I, Momen H, Degrave W, Saravia NG, Campbell DA, 2000. Intraspecific heterogeneity in the mini-exon gene localization of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis from Colombia. J Parasitol 86: 1250–1253.
-
11.
Cuervo P, Cupolillo E, Nehme N, Hernandez V, Saravia N, Fernandes O, 2004. Leishmania (Viannia): genetic analysis of cutaneous and mucosal strains isolated from the same patient. Exp Parasitol 108: 59–66.
-
12.
Schriefer A, Schriefer AL, Góes-Neto A, Guimarães LH, Carvalho LP, Almeida RP, Machado PR, Lessa HA, de Jesus AR, Riley LW, Carvalho EM, 2004. Multiclonal Leishmania braziliensis population structure and its clinical implication in a region of endemicity for American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 72: 508–514.
-
13.
Baptista C, Schubach AO, Madeira MF, Leal CA, Pires MQ, Oliveira FS, Conceição-Silva F, Rosalino CM, Salgueiro MM, Pacheco RS, 2009. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis genotypes identified in lesions of patients with atypical or typical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis: evaluation by two molecular markers. Exp Parasitol 121: 317–322.
-
14.
Brito ME, Andrade MS, Mendonça MG, Silva CJ, Almeida EL, Lima BS, Félix SM, Abath FG, da Graça GC, Porrozzi R, Ishikawa EA, Shaw JJ, Cupolillo E, Brandão-Filho SP, 2009. Species diversity of Leishmania (Viannia) parasites circulating in an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis located in the Atlantic rainforest region of northeastern Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 14: 1278–1286.
-
15.
Oliveira FS, Valete-Rosalino CM, Schubach AO, Pacheco RS, 2010. kDNA minicircle signatures of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in oral and nasal mucosa from mucosal leishmaniasis patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 66: 361–365.
-
16.
Lima-Junior MS, Andreoti R, Dorval MEC, Oshiro LM, Oliveira AG, Matos MFC, 2009. Identification of Leishmania species isolated in human cases in Mato Grosso do Sul, by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 42: 303–308.
-
17.
Tojal SA, Cupolillo E, Volpini AC, Almeida R, Romero AR, 2006. Species diversity causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1388–1398.
-
18.
IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Available at: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/. Accessed June 5, 2010.
-
19.
Schriefer AL, Sousa RS, Guimarães LH, Góes-Neto A, Schriefer A, 2005. Papel do parasita e do hospedeiro na expressão clínica das leishmanioses. Gaz Med Bahia 75: 46–56.
-
20.
Schriefer A, Wilson ME, Carvalho EM, 2008. Recent developments leading toward a paradigm switch in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to human leishmaniasis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 21: 483–488.
-
21.
Machado-Coelho GLL, Caiaffa WT, Genaro O, Magalhães PA, Mayrink W, 2005. Risk factors for mucosal manifestation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 55–61.
-
22.
Kumar B, Ghimire A, Karki S, Upadhyaya P, 2009. Primary laryngeal leishmaniasis: a rare case report. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 52: 62–64.
-
23.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portal da Saúde. Profissional e Gestor. Sinan. Relatórios Gerenciais. Available at: http://dtr2004.saude.gov.br/sinanweb/. Accessed June 5, 2010.
-
24.
Oliveira-Neto MP, Mattos M, Pirmez C, Fernandes O, Gonçalves-Costa SC, Souza CF, Grimaldi G Jr, 2000. Mucosal leishmaniasis (“espundia”) responsive to low dose of N-methyl glucamine (Glucantime) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 42: 321–325.
-
25.
Amato VS, Tuon FF, Siqueira AM, Nicodemo AC, Amato-Neto V, 2007. Treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis in Latin America: systematic review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 266–274.
-
26.
Ishikawa EA, Silveira FT, Magalhaes AL, Guerra RB Jr, Melo MN, Gomes R, Silveira TG, Shaw JJ, 2002. Genetic variation in populations of Leishmania species in Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: S111–S121.
-
27.
Gomes RF, Macedo SD, Pena J, Melo MN, 1995. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: genetic relationships between strains isolated from different áreas from Brazil as revealed by DNA fingerprinting and RAPD. Exp Parasitol 80: 681–687.
-
28.
Cupolillo E, Brahim LR, Toaldo CB, Oliveira-Neto MP, Brito ME, Falqueto A, Naiff MF, Grimaldi G Jr, 2003. Genetic polymorphism and molecular epidemiology of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis from different hosts and geographic areas in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 41: 3126–3132.
-
29.
Machado-Coelho GL, Assunção R, Mayrink W, Caiaffa WT, 1999. American cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeast Brazil: space-time clustering. Int J Epidemiol 28: 982–989.
-
30.
Desjeux P, 1992. Human leishmaniasis. Epidemiology and public health aspects. World Health Stat Q 45: 213–227.
-
31.
Dujardin JC, Henriksson J, Victoir K, Brisse S, Gamboa D, Arevalo J, Le Ray D, 2000. Genomic rearrangements in trypanosomatids: an alternative to the “one gene” evolutionary hypotheses? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 95: 527–534.
-
32.
Altamirano-Enciso AJ, Marzochi MC, Moreira JS, Shubach AO, Marzochi KB, 2003. Sobre a origem e dispersão das leishmanioses cutânea e mucosa com base em fontes históricas pré e pós-colombianas. História, Ciências. Saúde 10: 853–882.
-
33.
Aparicio C, Bittencourt MD, 2004. Modelagem espacial de zonas de risco da leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Rev Saude Publica 38: 511–516.
-
34.
Vergel C, Palácios R, Cadena H, Posso CJ, Valderrama I, Perez M, Walker J, Travi BL, Saravia NG, 2006. Evidence for Leishmania (Viannia) parasites in the skin and blood of patients and after treatment. J Infect Dis 194: 503–513.
-
35.
Schubach A, Marzochi MC, Cuzzi-Maya T, Araújo ML, Oliveira AL, Pacheco RS, Momen H, Conceicao-Silva F, Coutinho SG, Marzochi KB, 1998. Cutaneous scars in American tegumentary leishmaniasis patients: a site of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis persistence and viability eleven years after antimonial therapy and clinical cure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 824–827.
-
36.
Mendonca MG, Brito ME, Rodrigues EH, Bandeira V, Jardim ML, Abath FG, 2004. Persistence of Leishmania parasites in scars after clinical cure of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: is there a sterile cure? J Infect Dis 189: 1018–1023.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 161 | 128 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 350 | 16 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 64 | 9 | 1 |
Endemic Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Brazil: Correlation between Level of Endemicity and Number of Cases of Mucosal Disease
Sandro J. Bedoya-Pacheco
Sandro J. Bedoya-Pacheco
Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Maria H. Araujo-Melo
Maria H. Araujo-Melo
Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Claudia M. Valete-Rosalino
Claudia M. Valete-Rosalino
Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Maria Inês F. Pimentel
Maria Inês F. Pimentel
Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Fátima Conceição-Silva
Fátima Conceição-Silva
Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Armando O. Schubach
Armando O. Schubach
Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Mauro C. A. Marzochi
Mauro C. A. Marzochi
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The purpose of this study was to establish a correlation between the endemic level of tegumentary leishmaniasis in different regions of Brazil during 2002–2009 and the number of cases of mucosal or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The proportion of mucosal leishmaniasis was inversely correlated with prevalence of infection. In areas with a lower infection prevalence, the proportion of mucosal leishmaniasis increased (P < 0.05). The hypothesis of an Amazonian origin and dissemination through human migration is considered. Our results show that in regions with lower prevalence and endemically younger, the proportion of cases that evolve to the mucosal form is higher than in regions with higher prevalence and endemically older.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Authors' addresses: Sandro J. Bedoya-Pacheco, Claudia M. Valete-Rosalino, Maria Inês F. Pimentel, Armando O. Schubach, and Mauro C. A. Marzochi, Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil CEP 21040-900, E-mails: sandro.bedoya@ipec.fiocruz.br, claudia.valete@ipec.fiocruz.br, maria.pimentel@ipec.fiocruz.br, armando.schubach@ipec.fiocruz.br, and mauro.marzochi@ipec.fiocruz.br. Maria H. Araujo-Melo, Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, R. Mariz e Barros 775, Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil CEP 20270-002, E-mail: mh.melo@terra.com.br. Fátima Conceição-Silva, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil CEP 21040-900, E-mail: fconcei@ioc.fiocruz.br.
Reprint requests: Sandro J. Bedoya-Pacheco, Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil CEP 21040-900, E-mail: sandro.bedoya@ipec.fiocruz.br.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Brasil Ministério da Saúde, 2010. Manual de Vigilância da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana. Segunda Edição Atualizada. Brasília: Editora do Ministério da Saúde, 17–31.
-
2.
Marzochi MC, Marzochi KB, 1994. Tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases in Brazil: emerging antropozoonosis and possibilities for their control. Cad Saude Publica 10: 359–375.
-
3.
Amato VS, Tuon FF, Bacha HA, Amato-Neto V, Nicodemo AC, 2008. Mucosal leishmaniasis: current scenario and prospects for treatment. Acta Trop 105: 1–9.
-
4.
Brandão SP, Brito ME, Carvalho FG, Ishikawa EA, Cupolillo E, Floeter-Winter L, Shaw JJ, 2003. Wild and synantropic hosts of Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis in the endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis locality of Amaraji, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97: 291–296.
-
5.
Silveira FT, Lainson R, Corbett CE, 2004. Clinical and immunopathological spectrum of American cutaneous leishmaniasis with special reference to the disease in Amazonian Brazil: a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 99: 239–251.
-
6.
Costa JM, 2005. Epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Brazil. Gaz Med Bahia 75: 3–17.
-
7.
Pacheco RS, Lopes UG, Morel CM, Grimaldi G Jr, Momen H, 1986 Schizodeme analysis of Leishmania isolates and comparison with some phenotypic techniques, 57–65. Rioux J-A, ed. Leishmania. Taxonomy and Phyogeny, Montpellier, France: IMEEE, 57–65.
-
8.
Tomaz-Soccol V, Lanotte G, Rioux J, Pratlong F, Martini-Dumas A, Serres E, 1993. Monophyletic origin of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 68: 107–108.
-
9.
Cupolillo E, Grimaldi G Jr, Momen H, 1994. A general classification of New World Leishmania using numerical zymotaxonomy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50: 296–311.
-
10.
Pacheco RS, Fernandes O, Salinas G, Segura I, Momen H, Degrave W, Saravia NG, Campbell DA, 2000. Intraspecific heterogeneity in the mini-exon gene localization of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis from Colombia. J Parasitol 86: 1250–1253.
-
11.
Cuervo P, Cupolillo E, Nehme N, Hernandez V, Saravia N, Fernandes O, 2004. Leishmania (Viannia): genetic analysis of cutaneous and mucosal strains isolated from the same patient. Exp Parasitol 108: 59–66.
-
12.
Schriefer A, Schriefer AL, Góes-Neto A, Guimarães LH, Carvalho LP, Almeida RP, Machado PR, Lessa HA, de Jesus AR, Riley LW, Carvalho EM, 2004. Multiclonal Leishmania braziliensis population structure and its clinical implication in a region of endemicity for American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 72: 508–514.
-
13.
Baptista C, Schubach AO, Madeira MF, Leal CA, Pires MQ, Oliveira FS, Conceição-Silva F, Rosalino CM, Salgueiro MM, Pacheco RS, 2009. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis genotypes identified in lesions of patients with atypical or typical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis: evaluation by two molecular markers. Exp Parasitol 121: 317–322.
-
14.
Brito ME, Andrade MS, Mendonça MG, Silva CJ, Almeida EL, Lima BS, Félix SM, Abath FG, da Graça GC, Porrozzi R, Ishikawa EA, Shaw JJ, Cupolillo E, Brandão-Filho SP, 2009. Species diversity of Leishmania (Viannia) parasites circulating in an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis located in the Atlantic rainforest region of northeastern Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 14: 1278–1286.
-
15.
Oliveira FS, Valete-Rosalino CM, Schubach AO, Pacheco RS, 2010. kDNA minicircle signatures of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in oral and nasal mucosa from mucosal leishmaniasis patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 66: 361–365.
-
16.
Lima-Junior MS, Andreoti R, Dorval MEC, Oshiro LM, Oliveira AG, Matos MFC, 2009. Identification of Leishmania species isolated in human cases in Mato Grosso do Sul, by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 42: 303–308.
-
17.
Tojal SA, Cupolillo E, Volpini AC, Almeida R, Romero AR, 2006. Species diversity causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1388–1398.
-
18.
IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Available at: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/. Accessed June 5, 2010.
-
19.
Schriefer AL, Sousa RS, Guimarães LH, Góes-Neto A, Schriefer A, 2005. Papel do parasita e do hospedeiro na expressão clínica das leishmanioses. Gaz Med Bahia 75: 46–56.
-
20.
Schriefer A, Wilson ME, Carvalho EM, 2008. Recent developments leading toward a paradigm switch in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to human leishmaniasis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 21: 483–488.
-
21.
Machado-Coelho GLL, Caiaffa WT, Genaro O, Magalhães PA, Mayrink W, 2005. Risk factors for mucosal manifestation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 55–61.
-
22.
Kumar B, Ghimire A, Karki S, Upadhyaya P, 2009. Primary laryngeal leishmaniasis: a rare case report. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 52: 62–64.
-
23.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portal da Saúde. Profissional e Gestor. Sinan. Relatórios Gerenciais. Available at: http://dtr2004.saude.gov.br/sinanweb/. Accessed June 5, 2010.
-
24.
Oliveira-Neto MP, Mattos M, Pirmez C, Fernandes O, Gonçalves-Costa SC, Souza CF, Grimaldi G Jr, 2000. Mucosal leishmaniasis (“espundia”) responsive to low dose of N-methyl glucamine (Glucantime) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 42: 321–325.
-
25.
Amato VS, Tuon FF, Siqueira AM, Nicodemo AC, Amato-Neto V, 2007. Treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis in Latin America: systematic review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 266–274.
-
26.
Ishikawa EA, Silveira FT, Magalhaes AL, Guerra RB Jr, Melo MN, Gomes R, Silveira TG, Shaw JJ, 2002. Genetic variation in populations of Leishmania species in Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: S111–S121.
-
27.
Gomes RF, Macedo SD, Pena J, Melo MN, 1995. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: genetic relationships between strains isolated from different áreas from Brazil as revealed by DNA fingerprinting and RAPD. Exp Parasitol 80: 681–687.
-
28.
Cupolillo E, Brahim LR, Toaldo CB, Oliveira-Neto MP, Brito ME, Falqueto A, Naiff MF, Grimaldi G Jr, 2003. Genetic polymorphism and molecular epidemiology of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis from different hosts and geographic areas in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 41: 3126–3132.
-
29.
Machado-Coelho GL, Assunção R, Mayrink W, Caiaffa WT, 1999. American cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeast Brazil: space-time clustering. Int J Epidemiol 28: 982–989.
-
30.
Desjeux P, 1992. Human leishmaniasis. Epidemiology and public health aspects. World Health Stat Q 45: 213–227.
-
31.
Dujardin JC, Henriksson J, Victoir K, Brisse S, Gamboa D, Arevalo J, Le Ray D, 2000. Genomic rearrangements in trypanosomatids: an alternative to the “one gene” evolutionary hypotheses? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 95: 527–534.
-
32.
Altamirano-Enciso AJ, Marzochi MC, Moreira JS, Shubach AO, Marzochi KB, 2003. Sobre a origem e dispersão das leishmanioses cutânea e mucosa com base em fontes históricas pré e pós-colombianas. História, Ciências. Saúde 10: 853–882.
-
33.
Aparicio C, Bittencourt MD, 2004. Modelagem espacial de zonas de risco da leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Rev Saude Publica 38: 511–516.
-
34.
Vergel C, Palácios R, Cadena H, Posso CJ, Valderrama I, Perez M, Walker J, Travi BL, Saravia NG, 2006. Evidence for Leishmania (Viannia) parasites in the skin and blood of patients and after treatment. J Infect Dis 194: 503–513.
-
35.
Schubach A, Marzochi MC, Cuzzi-Maya T, Araújo ML, Oliveira AL, Pacheco RS, Momen H, Conceicao-Silva F, Coutinho SG, Marzochi KB, 1998. Cutaneous scars in American tegumentary leishmaniasis patients: a site of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis persistence and viability eleven years after antimonial therapy and clinical cure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 824–827.
-
36.
Mendonca MG, Brito ME, Rodrigues EH, Bandeira V, Jardim ML, Abath FG, 2004. Persistence of Leishmania parasites in scars after clinical cure of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: is there a sterile cure? J Infect Dis 189: 1018–1023.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 161 | 128 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 350 | 16 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 64 | 9 | 1 |