ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Boussinesq M, Gardon J, 1997. Prevalences of Loa loa microfilaraemia throughout the area endemic for the infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 91: 573–589.
-
2.
Chandler AC, Milliken G, Schuhardt VT, 1930. The production of a typical clabar swelling in a Loa patient by injection of a Dirofilaria immitis antigen, and some comments on the nature of Calabar swellings. Am J Trop Med 10: 345–351.
-
3.
Carme B, Boulesteix J, Boutes H, Puruehnce MF, 1991. Five cases of encephalitis during treatment of loiasis with diethylcarbamazine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: 684–690.
-
4.
Boussinesq M, Gardon J, Gardon-Wendel N, Chippaux JP, 2003. Clinical picture, epidemiology and outcome of Loa-associated serious adverse events related to mass ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis in Cameroon. Filaria J 2 (Suppl): S4.
-
5.
Bertrand-Fontaine M, 1913. La filaire de l'oeil (filaria loa) peut-elle déterminer des complications cérébrales? Gaz Hebdom Sci Med (Bordeaux) 30: 351–354.
-
6.
Bertrand-Fontaine M, Schneider J, Wolfromm R, Cagnard V, 1948. Un cas de filariose cérébrale (double hémiplégie au cours d'une filariose à F. Loa). Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris 64: 1092–1095.
-
7.
Browne SG, 1954. Nematodosis of the central nervous system. J Trop Med Hyg 57: 229–233.
-
8.
Gallais P, Collomb H, Guedel J, 1954. Les manifestations neuro-psychiques des filarioses. Med Trop 14: 663–677.
-
9.
Bauer H, Bischoff A, Hansen J, Magun R, 1957. Loa loa filariosis mit cerebralen komplikationen als berufskrankheit. Arch Gewerbepathol Gewerbehyg 15: 429–439.
-
10.
Alajouanine T, Castaigne P, Lhermitte F, Cambier J, 1959. Encéphalite puis endocardite fibroblastique d'origine filarienne. Rev Neurol (Paris) 101: 656–660.
-
11.
Langlois M, Perrouty B, Daoulas R, Berton M, 1962. Filariose loa, thrombose de l'artère centrale de la rétine et syndrome cérébelleux. Rev Neurol (Paris) 107: 381–385.
-
12.
Bonnet M, 1943. Réflexions sur un cas de méningite aiguë à Microfilaria loa. Med Trop 3: 273–277.
-
13.
Kivits M, 1952. Quatre cas d'encéphalite mortelle avec invasion du liquide céphalo-rachidien par Microfilaria loa. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 32: 235–242.
-
14.
Cauchie C, Rutsaert J, Thys O, Bonnyns M, Perier O, 1965. Encéphalite à Loa-loa traitée par l'association de cortisone et de carbamazine. Rev Belg Pathol Med Exp 31: 232–244.
-
15.
Same Ekobo A, Same-Voisin C, Eben-Moussi E, Ongmagne MJ, 1981. A propos d'un cas de méningo-encéphalite filarienne à Loa loa. Rappels des critères de diagnostic de certitude. Afr Med 20: 359–361.
-
16.
Negesse Y, Lanoie LO, Neafie RC, Connor DH, 1985. Loiasis: “calabar” swellings and involvement of deep organs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 537–546.
-
17.
Lukiana T, Mandina M, Situakibanza NH, Mbula MM, Lepira BF, Odio WT, Kamgno J, Boussinesq M, 2006. A possible case of spontaneous Loa loa encephalopathy associated with a glomerulopathy. Filaria J 10: 5–6.
-
18.
Kenney M, Hewitt R, 1950. Psychoneurotic disturbances in filariasis, and their relief by removal of adult worms or treatment with Hetrazan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30: 895–899.
-
19.
Juillet P, Savelli A, Bouvier S, Rigal J, Elis B, 1964. Manifestations psychopathologiques au cours des filarioses (à propos de trois cas). Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 122: 72–81.
-
20.
Sizaret P, Degiovanni A, Degiovanni E, Simon JP, 1970. Filariose et troubles psychiques (à propos d'un cas). Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 128: 736–739.
-
21.
Pays JF, Escalle JC, Cornet A, Brumpt L, 1976. Manifestations neuro-psychiques de la loase. A propos d'un cas de potomanie. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 69: 265–272.
-
22.
Manson-Bahr P, 1966. Manson's Tropical Diseases, 16th edition. London: Bailliere, Tindall & Cassell, 694.
-
23.
Schofield FD, 1955. Two cases of loiasis with peripheral nerve involvement. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 588–589.
-
24.
Sarkany I, 1959. Loiasis with involvement of peripheral nerves. Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc 42: 49–51.
-
25.
Bourgeade A, Nosny Y, Olivier-Paufique M, Faugère B, 1989. A propos de 32 cas d'oedèmes localisés récidivants au retour des tropiques. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 82: 21–28.
-
26.
Scott JAG, Davidson RN, Moody AH, Bryceson ADM, 1991. Diagnosing multiple parasitic infections: trypanosomiasis, loiasis and schistosomiasis in a single case. Scand J Infect Dis 2: 777–780.
-
27.
MacLean I, Dumitru D, Robinson LR, 1996. July 1996 EMG Case of the Month. AAPM&R 1996 July: 1–9.
-
28.
Nutman TB, Kradin RL, 2002. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 1-2002. A 24-year-old woman with paresthesias and muscle cramps after a stay in Africa. N Engl J Med 346: 115–122.
-
29.
Gallagher B, Khalifa M, Van Heerden P, Elbardisy N, 2002. Acute carpal tunnel syndrome due to filarial infection. Pathol Res Pract 198: 65–67.
-
30.
Beaver PC, Horner GS, Bilos JZ, 1974. Zoonotic onchocercosis in a resident of Illinois and observations on the identification of Onchocerca species. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23: 595–607.
-
31.
Simmons EH, Van Peteghem K, Trammell TR, 1980. Onchocerciasis of the flexor compartment of the forearm: a case report. J Hand Surg Am 5: 502–504.
-
32.
Bland JDP, 2007. Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 36: 167–171.
-
33.
Gardon J, Kamgno J, Folefack G, Gardon-Wendel N, Bouchité B, Boussinesq M, 1997. Marked decrease in Loa loa microfilaraemia six and twelve months after a single dose of ivermectin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91: 593–594.
-
34.
Klion AD, Massougbodji A, Horton J, Ekoué S, Lanmasso T, Ahouissou NL, Nutman TB, 1993. Albendazole in human loiasis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Infect Dis 168: 202–206.
-
35.
Jayakody RL, De Silva CS, Weerasinghe WM, 1993. Treatment of bancroftian filariasis with albendazole: evaluation of efficacy and adverse reactions. Trop Biomed 10: 19–24.
-
36.
Nutman TB, Miller KD, Mulligan M, Ottesen EA, 1986. Loa loa infection in temporary residents of endemic regions: recognition of a hyperresponsive syndrome with characteristic clinical manifestations. J Infect Dis 154: 10–18.
-
37.
Klion AD, Massougbodji A, Sadeler BC, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB, 1991. Loiasis in endemic and nonendemic populations: immunologically mediated differences in clinical presentation. J Infect Dis 163: 1318–1325.
-
38.
Burchard GD, Reimold-Jehle U, Bürkle V, Kretschmer H, Vierbuchen M, Racz P, Lo Y, 1996. Splenectomy for suspected malignant lymphoma in two patients with loiasis. Clin Infect Dis 23: 979–982.
-
39.
Klotz O, 1930. Nodular fibrosis of the spleen associated with filaria Loa. Am J Trop Med 10: 57–64.
-
40.
Van Bogaert L, Dubois A, Janssens PG, Radermecker J, Tverdy G, Wanson M, 1955. Encephalitis in Loa-loa filariasis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 18: 103–119.
-
41.
Duke BO, 1960. Studies on loiasis in monkeys. II. The population dynamics of the microfilariae of Loa in experimentally infected drills (Mandrillus leucophaeus). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 54: 15–31.
-
42.
Orihel TC, Moore PJ, 1975. Loa loa: experimental infection in two species of African primates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24: 606–609.
-
43.
Duke BO, 1960. Studies on loiasis in monkeys. III. The pathology of the spleen in drills (Mandrillus leucophaeus) infected with Loa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 54: 141–146.
-
44.
Raper AB, 1959. Fibrotic nodules of the spleen. J Pathol Bacteriol 78: 1–16.
-
45.
Fain A, 1978. Les problèmes actuels de la loase. Bull World Health Organ 56: 155–167.
-
46.
Garcia A, Abel L, Cot M, Richard P, Ranque S, Feingold J, Demenais F, Boussinesq M, Chippaux JP, 1999. Genetic epidemiology of host predisposition microfilaraemia in human loiasis. Trop Med Int Health 4: 565–574.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 530 | 402 | 36 |
| Full Text Views | 540 | 18 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 194 | 14 | 1 |
Loiasis with Peripheral Nerve Involvement and Spleen Lesions
Federico Gobbi
Federico Gobbi
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy; Unité Mixte de Recherche 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy; Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia i Salut Internacional, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
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Michel Boussinesq
Michel Boussinesq
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy; Unité Mixte de Recherche 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy; Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia i Salut Internacional, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
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Marta Mascarello
Marta Mascarello
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy; Unité Mixte de Recherche 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy; Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia i Salut Internacional, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
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Andrea Angheben
Andrea Angheben
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy; Unité Mixte de Recherche 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy; Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia i Salut Internacional, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
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Maria Gobbo
Maria Gobbo
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy; Unité Mixte de Recherche 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy; Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia i Salut Internacional, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
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Andrea Rossanese
Andrea Rossanese
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy; Unité Mixte de Recherche 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy; Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia i Salut Internacional, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
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Manuel Corachán
Manuel Corachán
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy; Unité Mixte de Recherche 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy; Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia i Salut Internacional, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
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Zeno Bisoffi
Zeno Bisoffi
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy; Unité Mixte de Recherche 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy; Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia i Salut Internacional, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
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Loiasis, which is caused by the filarial nematode Loa loa, affects millions of persons living in the rainforest areas and savannah regions of central Africa. Typical manifestations are calabar swellings and the eyeworm. We report a case of loiasis with unusual clinical complications: a peripheral neuropathy and focal hypo-echogenic lesions of the spleen, which disappeared after treatment with albendazole and ivermectin. The literature reports that L. loa infection can be associated with various manifestations, some of them being serious. More information is needed to better characterize the protean manifestations of the disease in loiasis-endemic areas to evaluate the true incidence of loiasis.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Federico Gobbi, Andrea Angheben, Maria Gobbo, Andrea Rossanese, and Zeno Bisoffi, Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy, E-mails: federico.gobbi@sacrocuore.it, andrea.angheben@sacrocuore.it, maria.gobbo@sacrocuore.it, andrea.rossanese@sacrocuore.it, and zeno.bisoffi@sacrocuore.it. Michel Boussinesq, Unité Mixte de Recherche 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France, E-mail: michel.boussinesq@ird.fr. Marta Mascarello, Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy, E-mail: martamasca@yahoo.it. Manuel Corachán, Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia i Salut Internacional, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain, E-mail: manuel.corachan@mundivia.es.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Boussinesq M, Gardon J, 1997. Prevalences of Loa loa microfilaraemia throughout the area endemic for the infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 91: 573–589.
-
2.
Chandler AC, Milliken G, Schuhardt VT, 1930. The production of a typical clabar swelling in a Loa patient by injection of a Dirofilaria immitis antigen, and some comments on the nature of Calabar swellings. Am J Trop Med 10: 345–351.
-
3.
Carme B, Boulesteix J, Boutes H, Puruehnce MF, 1991. Five cases of encephalitis during treatment of loiasis with diethylcarbamazine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: 684–690.
-
4.
Boussinesq M, Gardon J, Gardon-Wendel N, Chippaux JP, 2003. Clinical picture, epidemiology and outcome of Loa-associated serious adverse events related to mass ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis in Cameroon. Filaria J 2 (Suppl): S4.
-
5.
Bertrand-Fontaine M, 1913. La filaire de l'oeil (filaria loa) peut-elle déterminer des complications cérébrales? Gaz Hebdom Sci Med (Bordeaux) 30: 351–354.
-
6.
Bertrand-Fontaine M, Schneider J, Wolfromm R, Cagnard V, 1948. Un cas de filariose cérébrale (double hémiplégie au cours d'une filariose à F. Loa). Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris 64: 1092–1095.
-
7.
Browne SG, 1954. Nematodosis of the central nervous system. J Trop Med Hyg 57: 229–233.
-
8.
Gallais P, Collomb H, Guedel J, 1954. Les manifestations neuro-psychiques des filarioses. Med Trop 14: 663–677.
-
9.
Bauer H, Bischoff A, Hansen J, Magun R, 1957. Loa loa filariosis mit cerebralen komplikationen als berufskrankheit. Arch Gewerbepathol Gewerbehyg 15: 429–439.
-
10.
Alajouanine T, Castaigne P, Lhermitte F, Cambier J, 1959. Encéphalite puis endocardite fibroblastique d'origine filarienne. Rev Neurol (Paris) 101: 656–660.
-
11.
Langlois M, Perrouty B, Daoulas R, Berton M, 1962. Filariose loa, thrombose de l'artère centrale de la rétine et syndrome cérébelleux. Rev Neurol (Paris) 107: 381–385.
-
12.
Bonnet M, 1943. Réflexions sur un cas de méningite aiguë à Microfilaria loa. Med Trop 3: 273–277.
-
13.
Kivits M, 1952. Quatre cas d'encéphalite mortelle avec invasion du liquide céphalo-rachidien par Microfilaria loa. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 32: 235–242.
-
14.
Cauchie C, Rutsaert J, Thys O, Bonnyns M, Perier O, 1965. Encéphalite à Loa-loa traitée par l'association de cortisone et de carbamazine. Rev Belg Pathol Med Exp 31: 232–244.
-
15.
Same Ekobo A, Same-Voisin C, Eben-Moussi E, Ongmagne MJ, 1981. A propos d'un cas de méningo-encéphalite filarienne à Loa loa. Rappels des critères de diagnostic de certitude. Afr Med 20: 359–361.
-
16.
Negesse Y, Lanoie LO, Neafie RC, Connor DH, 1985. Loiasis: “calabar” swellings and involvement of deep organs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 537–546.
-
17.
Lukiana T, Mandina M, Situakibanza NH, Mbula MM, Lepira BF, Odio WT, Kamgno J, Boussinesq M, 2006. A possible case of spontaneous Loa loa encephalopathy associated with a glomerulopathy. Filaria J 10: 5–6.
-
18.
Kenney M, Hewitt R, 1950. Psychoneurotic disturbances in filariasis, and their relief by removal of adult worms or treatment with Hetrazan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30: 895–899.
-
19.
Juillet P, Savelli A, Bouvier S, Rigal J, Elis B, 1964. Manifestations psychopathologiques au cours des filarioses (à propos de trois cas). Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 122: 72–81.
-
20.
Sizaret P, Degiovanni A, Degiovanni E, Simon JP, 1970. Filariose et troubles psychiques (à propos d'un cas). Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 128: 736–739.
-
21.
Pays JF, Escalle JC, Cornet A, Brumpt L, 1976. Manifestations neuro-psychiques de la loase. A propos d'un cas de potomanie. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 69: 265–272.
-
22.
Manson-Bahr P, 1966. Manson's Tropical Diseases, 16th edition. London: Bailliere, Tindall & Cassell, 694.
-
23.
Schofield FD, 1955. Two cases of loiasis with peripheral nerve involvement. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 588–589.
-
24.
Sarkany I, 1959. Loiasis with involvement of peripheral nerves. Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc 42: 49–51.
-
25.
Bourgeade A, Nosny Y, Olivier-Paufique M, Faugère B, 1989. A propos de 32 cas d'oedèmes localisés récidivants au retour des tropiques. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 82: 21–28.
-
26.
Scott JAG, Davidson RN, Moody AH, Bryceson ADM, 1991. Diagnosing multiple parasitic infections: trypanosomiasis, loiasis and schistosomiasis in a single case. Scand J Infect Dis 2: 777–780.
-
27.
MacLean I, Dumitru D, Robinson LR, 1996. July 1996 EMG Case of the Month. AAPM&R 1996 July: 1–9.
-
28.
Nutman TB, Kradin RL, 2002. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 1-2002. A 24-year-old woman with paresthesias and muscle cramps after a stay in Africa. N Engl J Med 346: 115–122.
-
29.
Gallagher B, Khalifa M, Van Heerden P, Elbardisy N, 2002. Acute carpal tunnel syndrome due to filarial infection. Pathol Res Pract 198: 65–67.
-
30.
Beaver PC, Horner GS, Bilos JZ, 1974. Zoonotic onchocercosis in a resident of Illinois and observations on the identification of Onchocerca species. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23: 595–607.
-
31.
Simmons EH, Van Peteghem K, Trammell TR, 1980. Onchocerciasis of the flexor compartment of the forearm: a case report. J Hand Surg Am 5: 502–504.
-
32.
Bland JDP, 2007. Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 36: 167–171.
-
33.
Gardon J, Kamgno J, Folefack G, Gardon-Wendel N, Bouchité B, Boussinesq M, 1997. Marked decrease in Loa loa microfilaraemia six and twelve months after a single dose of ivermectin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91: 593–594.
-
34.
Klion AD, Massougbodji A, Horton J, Ekoué S, Lanmasso T, Ahouissou NL, Nutman TB, 1993. Albendazole in human loiasis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Infect Dis 168: 202–206.
-
35.
Jayakody RL, De Silva CS, Weerasinghe WM, 1993. Treatment of bancroftian filariasis with albendazole: evaluation of efficacy and adverse reactions. Trop Biomed 10: 19–24.
-
36.
Nutman TB, Miller KD, Mulligan M, Ottesen EA, 1986. Loa loa infection in temporary residents of endemic regions: recognition of a hyperresponsive syndrome with characteristic clinical manifestations. J Infect Dis 154: 10–18.
-
37.
Klion AD, Massougbodji A, Sadeler BC, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB, 1991. Loiasis in endemic and nonendemic populations: immunologically mediated differences in clinical presentation. J Infect Dis 163: 1318–1325.
-
38.
Burchard GD, Reimold-Jehle U, Bürkle V, Kretschmer H, Vierbuchen M, Racz P, Lo Y, 1996. Splenectomy for suspected malignant lymphoma in two patients with loiasis. Clin Infect Dis 23: 979–982.
-
39.
Klotz O, 1930. Nodular fibrosis of the spleen associated with filaria Loa. Am J Trop Med 10: 57–64.
-
40.
Van Bogaert L, Dubois A, Janssens PG, Radermecker J, Tverdy G, Wanson M, 1955. Encephalitis in Loa-loa filariasis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 18: 103–119.
-
41.
Duke BO, 1960. Studies on loiasis in monkeys. II. The population dynamics of the microfilariae of Loa in experimentally infected drills (Mandrillus leucophaeus). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 54: 15–31.
-
42.
Orihel TC, Moore PJ, 1975. Loa loa: experimental infection in two species of African primates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24: 606–609.
-
43.
Duke BO, 1960. Studies on loiasis in monkeys. III. The pathology of the spleen in drills (Mandrillus leucophaeus) infected with Loa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 54: 141–146.
-
44.
Raper AB, 1959. Fibrotic nodules of the spleen. J Pathol Bacteriol 78: 1–16.
-
45.
Fain A, 1978. Les problèmes actuels de la loase. Bull World Health Organ 56: 155–167.
-
46.
Garcia A, Abel L, Cot M, Richard P, Ranque S, Feingold J, Demenais F, Boussinesq M, Chippaux JP, 1999. Genetic epidemiology of host predisposition microfilaraemia in human loiasis. Trop Med Int Health 4: 565–574.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 530 | 402 | 36 |
| Full Text Views | 540 | 18 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 194 | 14 | 1 |