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Reference Manager
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-
1.
Runsewe-Abiodun IA, Ogunfowora OB, Fetugam BM, 2006. Neonatal malaria in Nigeria—a 2 year review. Biomed Central Pediatrics. Available at: http//www.biomedcentral.com/1471-24316/19. Accessed August 8, 2008.
-
2.
Uneke CJ, 2007. Impact of placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria on pregnancy and perinatally outcome in sub-Sahara Africa 1: introduction to placental malaria. Yale J Biol Med 80: 39–50.
-
3.
Wilson WR, Sande MA, Drew WL, 2001. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Infectious Diseases. New York, NY: Lange Medical Books.
-
4.
Fischer PR, 2003. Malaria and new born. J Trop Pediatr 49: 132–134.
-
5.
Steketee RW, Nahlen BL, Parise MC, Menendez C, 2001. The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria endemic areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64: 28–35.
-
6.
World Health Organization, 2003. The African Malaria Report 2003. Available at: http://www.rbm.who.int/amd2003/amr/toc.htm. Accessed August 8, 2008.
-
7.
Bassey AE, Ejezie GC, Alaribe AA, Useh MF, Udo JJ, Ekanem AD, 2005. Congenital malaria in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Mary Slessor J Med 5: 37–40.
-
8.
Obiajunwa PO, Owo JA, Adodu OO, 2005. Prevalence of congenital malaria in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 51: 219–222.
-
9.
Mukhtar MY, Lesi FEA, Iroha EU, Egri-Okwaji MTC, Mafe AG, 2006. Congenital malaria among inborn babies at a tertiary centre in Lagos, Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 52: 19–23.
-
10.
Santhanakrishnan BR, Parthasarathy A, Bhavami CR, Ramesh S, 1985. Profile of malaria in Madras. Indian J Pediatr 52: 249–255.
-
11.
Ahmed A, Cerilli LA, Sanchez PJ, 1998. Congenital malaria in a preterm neonate: case report and review of the literature. Am J Perinatol 15: 19–22.
-
12.
Dorman E, Shulman C, 2000. Malaria in pregnancy. Curr Obstet Gynaecol 10: 183–189.
-
13.
Remington JS, Klainm JO, 1995. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 765–768.
-
14.
Lesko CR, Arguin PM, Newman RD, 2007. Congenital malaria in the United States. A review of cases from 1966 to 2005. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 161: 1062–1067.
-
15.
Pasvol G, Weatherall DJ, Wilson RJ, Smith DH, Gilles HM, 1976. Fetal heamoglobin and malaria. Lancet 1: 1269–1272.
-
16.
Gamble C, Ekwaru JP, ter Kuile FO, 2006. Insecticide-treated nets for preventing malaria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2: CD003755.
-
17.
Falade C, Mokuolu O, Okafor H, Orogade A, Falade A, Adedoyin O, Oguonu T, Aisha M, Hamer DH, Callahan MV, 2007. Epidemiology of congenital malaria in Nigeria, a multi-centre study. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1279–1287.
-
18.
Snounou G, Viriyakosol S, Jarra W, Thaithong S, Brown KN, 1993. Identification of the four human malaria parasite species in field samples by the polymerase chain reactions. Mol Biochem Parasitol 58: 283–292.
-
19.
Rougemont M, Van Saanen M, Sahli R, Hinrikson HP, Bille J, Jaton K, 2004. Detection of four Plasmodium species in blood from humans by 18S rRNA gene subunit-based and species-specific real-time PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 42: 5636–5643.
-
20.
Ezeoke ACJ, Ndima JI, Eka IB, 1985. Congenital malaria at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital with reference to haemoglobin and immunoglobins. Cent Afr J Med 31: 241–244.
-
21.
Durrheim DN, Becker PJ, Billinghurst K, Brink A, 1997. Diagnostic disagreement – the lessons learnt from malaria diagnosis in Mpumalanga. S Afr Med J 87: 609–611.
-
22.
Di Santi SM, Kirchgather K, Brunialti KC, Oliveira AM, Forreira SR, Boulos M, 2004. PCR-based diagnosis to evaluate the performance of malaria reference centres. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 46: 185–187.
-
23.
Berry A, Fabre R, Benoit-vical F, Cassaing S, Magnaval JF, 2005. Contribution of PCR-based methods to diagnosis and management of imported malaria. Med Trop 65: 176–183.
-
24.
Egwunyenga OA, Ajayi JA, Duhlinska-Popova DD, 1997. Transplacental passage of Plasmodium falciparum and sero-evaluation of newborns in northern Nigeria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 28: 741–745.
-
25.
Falade CO, Yusuf BO, Fadero FF, Mokuolu OA, Hamer DH, Salako LA, 2007. Intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine is effective in preventing maternal and placental malaria in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Malar J 6: 88.
-
26.
Gies S, Coulibaly SC, Ouattara FT, D'Alessandro U, 2009. Individual efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine in primi- and secundigravidae in rural Burkina Faso: impact on parasitaemia, anaemia and birth weight. Trop Med Intl Health 14: 174–182.
-
27.
Mwangoka GW, Kimera SI, Mboera LEG, 2008. Congenital Plasmodium falciparum infection in neonates in Muheza District, Tanzania. Malar J 7: 117.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 287 | 244 | 56 |
| Full Text Views | 405 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 167 | 9 | 1 |
Congenital Malaria in Calabar, Nigeria: The Molecular Perspective
Olabisi A. Oduwole
Olabisi A. Oduwole
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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G. C. Ejezie
G. C. Ejezie
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Friday A. Odey
Friday A. Odey
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Chioma M. Oringanje
Chioma M. Oringanje
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Davis Nwakanma
Davis Nwakanma
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Segun Bello
Segun Bello
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Eniyou Oriero
Eniyou Oriero
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Joseph Okebe
Joseph Okebe
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Anyawu A. Alaribe
Anyawu A. Alaribe
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Saturday Etuk
Saturday Etuk
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Martin Meremikwu
Martin Meremikwu
Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been shown to be more sensitive in detecting low-level parasitemia than conventional blood film microscopy. We estimated the prevalence of congenital malaria using nested PCR amplification of the small subunit 18S RNA gene to detect low-level parasitemia and identify Plasmodium species in 204 mother–neonate pairs. Cord-blood parasitemia was detected in four babies by PCR, giving a prevalence of 2.0%. The newborns of primidgravidae were more susceptible to congenital malaria than those of multigravidae (P < 0.0001). There was a strong correlation between placental malaria and congenital malaria (odds ratio = 10.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–76.1, P = 0.0487). We conclude that the prevalence of congenital malaria in Calabar detected by PCR is lower than has been reported in this environment through microscopy.
Author Notes
Financial support: The laboratory work for this project was supported by the Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, and the United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratory, The Gambia.
Authors' addresses: Olabisi A. Oduwole, G. C. Ejezie, Friday A. Odey, Chioma M. Oringanje, Segun Bello, Anyawu A. Alaribe, Saturday Etuk, and Martin Meremikwu, Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, E-mails: olabisioduwole@yahoo.co.uk, gcejezie@netscape.net, awhobe@yahoo.com, chyoma@yahoo.com, drsegunbello@yahoo.com, anyanwualaribe@yahoo.com, imaetuks345@yahoo.com, and mmeremiku@yahoo.co.uk. Davis Nwakanma, Eniyou Oriero, and Joseph Okebe, Malaria Programme, United Kingdom Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia, E-mails: dnwakanma@mrc.gm, eoriero@mrc.gm, and jokebe@mrc.gm.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Runsewe-Abiodun IA, Ogunfowora OB, Fetugam BM, 2006. Neonatal malaria in Nigeria—a 2 year review. Biomed Central Pediatrics. Available at: http//www.biomedcentral.com/1471-24316/19. Accessed August 8, 2008.
-
2.
Uneke CJ, 2007. Impact of placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria on pregnancy and perinatally outcome in sub-Sahara Africa 1: introduction to placental malaria. Yale J Biol Med 80: 39–50.
-
3.
Wilson WR, Sande MA, Drew WL, 2001. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Infectious Diseases. New York, NY: Lange Medical Books.
-
4.
Fischer PR, 2003. Malaria and new born. J Trop Pediatr 49: 132–134.
-
5.
Steketee RW, Nahlen BL, Parise MC, Menendez C, 2001. The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria endemic areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64: 28–35.
-
6.
World Health Organization, 2003. The African Malaria Report 2003. Available at: http://www.rbm.who.int/amd2003/amr/toc.htm. Accessed August 8, 2008.
-
7.
Bassey AE, Ejezie GC, Alaribe AA, Useh MF, Udo JJ, Ekanem AD, 2005. Congenital malaria in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Mary Slessor J Med 5: 37–40.
-
8.
Obiajunwa PO, Owo JA, Adodu OO, 2005. Prevalence of congenital malaria in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 51: 219–222.
-
9.
Mukhtar MY, Lesi FEA, Iroha EU, Egri-Okwaji MTC, Mafe AG, 2006. Congenital malaria among inborn babies at a tertiary centre in Lagos, Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 52: 19–23.
-
10.
Santhanakrishnan BR, Parthasarathy A, Bhavami CR, Ramesh S, 1985. Profile of malaria in Madras. Indian J Pediatr 52: 249–255.
-
11.
Ahmed A, Cerilli LA, Sanchez PJ, 1998. Congenital malaria in a preterm neonate: case report and review of the literature. Am J Perinatol 15: 19–22.
-
12.
Dorman E, Shulman C, 2000. Malaria in pregnancy. Curr Obstet Gynaecol 10: 183–189.
-
13.
Remington JS, Klainm JO, 1995. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 765–768.
-
14.
Lesko CR, Arguin PM, Newman RD, 2007. Congenital malaria in the United States. A review of cases from 1966 to 2005. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 161: 1062–1067.
-
15.
Pasvol G, Weatherall DJ, Wilson RJ, Smith DH, Gilles HM, 1976. Fetal heamoglobin and malaria. Lancet 1: 1269–1272.
-
16.
Gamble C, Ekwaru JP, ter Kuile FO, 2006. Insecticide-treated nets for preventing malaria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2: CD003755.
-
17.
Falade C, Mokuolu O, Okafor H, Orogade A, Falade A, Adedoyin O, Oguonu T, Aisha M, Hamer DH, Callahan MV, 2007. Epidemiology of congenital malaria in Nigeria, a multi-centre study. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1279–1287.
-
18.
Snounou G, Viriyakosol S, Jarra W, Thaithong S, Brown KN, 1993. Identification of the four human malaria parasite species in field samples by the polymerase chain reactions. Mol Biochem Parasitol 58: 283–292.
-
19.
Rougemont M, Van Saanen M, Sahli R, Hinrikson HP, Bille J, Jaton K, 2004. Detection of four Plasmodium species in blood from humans by 18S rRNA gene subunit-based and species-specific real-time PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 42: 5636–5643.
-
20.
Ezeoke ACJ, Ndima JI, Eka IB, 1985. Congenital malaria at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital with reference to haemoglobin and immunoglobins. Cent Afr J Med 31: 241–244.
-
21.
Durrheim DN, Becker PJ, Billinghurst K, Brink A, 1997. Diagnostic disagreement – the lessons learnt from malaria diagnosis in Mpumalanga. S Afr Med J 87: 609–611.
-
22.
Di Santi SM, Kirchgather K, Brunialti KC, Oliveira AM, Forreira SR, Boulos M, 2004. PCR-based diagnosis to evaluate the performance of malaria reference centres. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 46: 185–187.
-
23.
Berry A, Fabre R, Benoit-vical F, Cassaing S, Magnaval JF, 2005. Contribution of PCR-based methods to diagnosis and management of imported malaria. Med Trop 65: 176–183.
-
24.
Egwunyenga OA, Ajayi JA, Duhlinska-Popova DD, 1997. Transplacental passage of Plasmodium falciparum and sero-evaluation of newborns in northern Nigeria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 28: 741–745.
-
25.
Falade CO, Yusuf BO, Fadero FF, Mokuolu OA, Hamer DH, Salako LA, 2007. Intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine is effective in preventing maternal and placental malaria in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Malar J 6: 88.
-
26.
Gies S, Coulibaly SC, Ouattara FT, D'Alessandro U, 2009. Individual efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine in primi- and secundigravidae in rural Burkina Faso: impact on parasitaemia, anaemia and birth weight. Trop Med Intl Health 14: 174–182.
-
27.
Mwangoka GW, Kimera SI, Mboera LEG, 2008. Congenital Plasmodium falciparum infection in neonates in Muheza District, Tanzania. Malar J 7: 117.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 287 | 244 | 56 |
| Full Text Views | 405 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 167 | 9 | 1 |