Cheng AC, Currie BJ, 2005. Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev 18: 383–416.
Inglis TJ, Garrow SC, Adams C, Henderson M, Mayo M, 1998. Dry-season outbreak of melioidosis in western Australia. Lancet 352: 1600.
Inglis TJ, Garrow SC, Henderson M, Clair A, Sampson J, O'Reilly L, Cameron B, 2000. Burkholderia pseudomallei traced to water treatment plant in Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 6: 56–59.
Currie BJ, Mayo M, Anstey NM, Donohoe P, Haase A, Kemp DJ, 2001. A cluster of melioidosis cases from an endemic region is clonal and is linked to the water supply using molecular typing of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 177–179.
Titball RW, Russell P, Cuccui J, Easton A, Haque A, Atkins T, Sarkar-Tyson M, Harley V, Wren B, Bancroft GJ, 2008. Burkholderia pseudomallei: animal models of infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102 (Suppl 1): S111–S116.
Whitmore A, 1913. An account of a glanders-like disease occurring in Rangoon. J Hyg (Lond) 13: 1–34.
Stanton AT, Fletcher W, Kanagarayer K, 1924. Two cases of melioidosis. J Hyg (Lond) 23: 268–276.
Stanton AT, Fletcher W, 1925. Melioidosis and its relation to glanders. J Hyg (Lond) 23: 347–363.
Barnes JL, Ketheesan N, 2005. Route of infection in melioidosis. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 638–639.
Ashdown LR, 1979. An improved screening technique for isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from clinical specimens. Pathology 11: 293–297.
Wuthiekanun V, Anuntagool N, White NJ, Sirisinha S, 2002. Short report: a rapid method for the differentiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 759–761.
Wuthiekanun V, Smith MD, White NJ, 1995. Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the absence of nutrients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89: 491.
Leakey AK, Ulett GC, Hirst RG, 1998. BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice infected with virulent Burkholderia pseudomallei provide contrasting animal models for the acute and chronic forms of human melioidosis. Microb Pathog 24: 269–275.
Liu B, Koo GC, Yap EH, Chua KL, Gan YH, 2002. Model of differential susceptibility to mucosal Burkholderia pseudomallei infection. Infect Immun 70: 504–511.
Tong S, Yang S, Lu Z, He W, 1996. Laboratory investigation of ecological factors influencing the environmental presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Microbiol Immunol 40: 451–453.
Owen SJ, Batzloff M, Chehrehasa F, Meedeniya A, Casart Y, Logue CA, Hirst RG, Peak IR, Mackay-Sim A, Beacham IR, 2009. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and olfactory epithelium as portals of entry for Burkholderia pseudomallei in murine melioidosis. J Infect Dis 199: 1761–1770.
Wuthiekanun V, Dance DA, Wattanagoon Y, Supputtamongkol Y, Chaowagul W, White NJ, 1990. The use of selective media for the isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei in clinical practice. J Med Microbiol 33: 121–126.
Kanaphun P, Thirawattanasuk N, Suputtamongkol Y, Naigowit P, Dance DA, Smith MD, White NJ, 1993. Serology and carriage of Pseudomonas pseudomallei: a prospective study in 1000 hospitalized children in northeast Thailand. J Infect Dis 167: 230–233.
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Melioidosis is a frequently lethal tropical infection caused by the environmental saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei. Although transcutaneous inoculation and inhalation are considered the primary routes of infection, suggestive clinical evidence implicates ingestion as a possible alternative route. We show that in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, direct gastric inoculation of high doses of B. pseudomallei causes systemic infection that may be lethal or cause chronic disseminated infection. Mice may shed bacteria in the stool for weeks after infection, and high titers of B. pseudomallei-specific IgG are detectable. This report of enteric murine melioidosis supports further consideration of this route of infection.
Financial support: T. Eoin West is supported by National Institutes of Health award K08 HL094759 and by a Parker B. Francis Fellowship for Pulmonary Research. Direk Limmathurotsakul, Narisara Chantratita, and Sharon J. Peacock are supported by the Wellcome Trust.
Authors' addresses: T. Eoin West, Nicolle D. Myers, and Shawn J. Skerrett, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, E-mails: tewest@u.washington.edu, ndmyers@u.washington.edu, and shawn@u.washington.edu. Direk Limmathurotsakul, Narisara Chantratita, and Sharon J. Peacock, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: direk@tropmedres.ac, narisara@tropmedres.ac, and sharon@tropmedres.ac. H. Denny Liggitt, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, E-mail: dliggitt@u.washington.edu.
Cheng AC, Currie BJ, 2005. Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev 18: 383–416.
Inglis TJ, Garrow SC, Adams C, Henderson M, Mayo M, 1998. Dry-season outbreak of melioidosis in western Australia. Lancet 352: 1600.
Inglis TJ, Garrow SC, Henderson M, Clair A, Sampson J, O'Reilly L, Cameron B, 2000. Burkholderia pseudomallei traced to water treatment plant in Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 6: 56–59.
Currie BJ, Mayo M, Anstey NM, Donohoe P, Haase A, Kemp DJ, 2001. A cluster of melioidosis cases from an endemic region is clonal and is linked to the water supply using molecular typing of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 177–179.
Titball RW, Russell P, Cuccui J, Easton A, Haque A, Atkins T, Sarkar-Tyson M, Harley V, Wren B, Bancroft GJ, 2008. Burkholderia pseudomallei: animal models of infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102 (Suppl 1): S111–S116.
Whitmore A, 1913. An account of a glanders-like disease occurring in Rangoon. J Hyg (Lond) 13: 1–34.
Stanton AT, Fletcher W, Kanagarayer K, 1924. Two cases of melioidosis. J Hyg (Lond) 23: 268–276.
Stanton AT, Fletcher W, 1925. Melioidosis and its relation to glanders. J Hyg (Lond) 23: 347–363.
Barnes JL, Ketheesan N, 2005. Route of infection in melioidosis. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 638–639.
Ashdown LR, 1979. An improved screening technique for isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from clinical specimens. Pathology 11: 293–297.
Wuthiekanun V, Anuntagool N, White NJ, Sirisinha S, 2002. Short report: a rapid method for the differentiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 759–761.
Wuthiekanun V, Smith MD, White NJ, 1995. Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the absence of nutrients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89: 491.
Leakey AK, Ulett GC, Hirst RG, 1998. BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice infected with virulent Burkholderia pseudomallei provide contrasting animal models for the acute and chronic forms of human melioidosis. Microb Pathog 24: 269–275.
Liu B, Koo GC, Yap EH, Chua KL, Gan YH, 2002. Model of differential susceptibility to mucosal Burkholderia pseudomallei infection. Infect Immun 70: 504–511.
Tong S, Yang S, Lu Z, He W, 1996. Laboratory investigation of ecological factors influencing the environmental presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Microbiol Immunol 40: 451–453.
Owen SJ, Batzloff M, Chehrehasa F, Meedeniya A, Casart Y, Logue CA, Hirst RG, Peak IR, Mackay-Sim A, Beacham IR, 2009. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and olfactory epithelium as portals of entry for Burkholderia pseudomallei in murine melioidosis. J Infect Dis 199: 1761–1770.
Wuthiekanun V, Dance DA, Wattanagoon Y, Supputtamongkol Y, Chaowagul W, White NJ, 1990. The use of selective media for the isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei in clinical practice. J Med Microbiol 33: 121–126.
Kanaphun P, Thirawattanasuk N, Suputtamongkol Y, Naigowit P, Dance DA, Smith MD, White NJ, 1993. Serology and carriage of Pseudomonas pseudomallei: a prospective study in 1000 hospitalized children in northeast Thailand. J Infect Dis 167: 230–233.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 358 | 316 | 17 |
Full Text Views | 273 | 21 | 3 |
PDF Downloads | 81 | 15 | 3 |