Pathogenicity of High-Dose Enteral Inoculation of Burkholderia pseudomallei to Mice

T. Eoin West Department of Medicine, and Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Tropical Hygiene, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Nicolle D. Myers Department of Medicine, and Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Tropical Hygiene, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Direk Limmathurotsakul Department of Medicine, and Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Tropical Hygiene, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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H. Denny Liggitt Department of Medicine, and Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Tropical Hygiene, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Narisara Chantratita Department of Medicine, and Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Tropical Hygiene, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Sharon J. Peacock Department of Medicine, and Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Tropical Hygiene, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Shawn J. Skerrett Department of Medicine, and Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Tropical Hygiene, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Melioidosis is a frequently lethal tropical infection caused by the environmental saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei. Although transcutaneous inoculation and inhalation are considered the primary routes of infection, suggestive clinical evidence implicates ingestion as a possible alternative route. We show that in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, direct gastric inoculation of high doses of B. pseudomallei causes systemic infection that may be lethal or cause chronic disseminated infection. Mice may shed bacteria in the stool for weeks after infection, and high titers of B. pseudomallei-specific IgG are detectable. This report of enteric murine melioidosis supports further consideration of this route of infection.

Author Notes

*Address correspondence to T. Eoin West, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359640, 325 9th Avenue Seattle, WA 98104. E-mail: tewest@u.washington.edu

Financial support: T. Eoin West is supported by National Institutes of Health award K08 HL094759 and by a Parker B. Francis Fellowship for Pulmonary Research. Direk Limmathurotsakul, Narisara Chantratita, and Sharon J. Peacock are supported by the Wellcome Trust.

Authors' addresses: T. Eoin West, Nicolle D. Myers, and Shawn J. Skerrett, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, E-mails: tewest@u.washington.edu, ndmyers@u.washington.edu, and shawn@u.washington.edu. Direk Limmathurotsakul, Narisara Chantratita, and Sharon J. Peacock, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: direk@tropmedres.ac, narisara@tropmedres.ac, and sharon@tropmedres.ac. H. Denny Liggitt, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, E-mail: dliggitt@u.washington.edu.

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