ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Coatney GR, 1963. Pitfalls in a discovery: the chronicle of chloroquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 12 :121–128.
-
2
Organization WH, 2001. The Use of Antimalarial Drugs. Report of a WHO Informal Consultation. Report WHO/CDS/RBM/2001.33. Geneva: Switzerland.
-
3
Baird JK, Basri H, Purnomo, Bangs MJ, Subianto B, Patchen LC, Hoffman SL, 1991. Resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44 :547–552.
-
4
Rieckmann KH, Davis DR, Hutton DC, 1989. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine? Lancet 2 :1183–1184.
-
5
Oh MD, Shin H, Shin D, Kim U, Lee S, Kim N, Choi MH, Chai JY, Choe K, 2001. Clinical features of vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :143–146.
-
6
Feighner BH, Pak SI, Novakoski WL, Kelsey LL, Strickman D, 1998. Reemergence of Plasmodium vivax malaria in the republic of Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 4 :295–297.
-
7
Park JW, Klein TA, Lee HC, Pacha LA, Ryu SH, Yeom JS, Moon SH, Kim TS, Chai JY, Oh MD, Choe KW, 2003. Vivax malaria: a continuing health threat to the Republic of Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :159–167.
-
8
Kim HC, Pacha LA, Lee WJ, Lee JK, Gaydos JC, Sames WJ, Lee HCS, Bradley K, Jeung GG, Tobler SK, Klein TA, 2009. Malaria in the Republic of Korea, 1993–2007. Variable related to reemergence and persistence of Plasmodium vivax among Korean populations and US Forces Korea. Mil Med 174 : (in press).
-
9
Klein TA, Pacha LA, Lee HCS, Kim HC, Lee WJ, Lee JK, Jeung GG, Sames WJ, Gaydos JC, 2009. Plasmodium vivax malaria among U.S. Forces Korea in the Republic of Korea, 1993–2007. Mil Med 174 :412–418.
-
10
Yeom JS, Ryu SH, Oh S, Choi DH, Song KJ, Oh YH, Lee JH, Kim YA, Ahn SY, Yang HY, Cha JE, Park JW, 2005. Evaluation of anti-malarial effects of mass chemoprophylaxis in the Republic of Korea army. J Korean Med Sci 20 :707–712.
-
11
Berliner RW, Earle DP, Taggart JV, Zubrod CG, Welch WJ, Conan NJ, Bauman E, Scudder ST, Shannon JA, 1948. Studies on the chemotherapy of the human malarias. VI. The physiological disposition, antimalarial activity, and toxicity of several derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline. J Clin Invest 27 :98–107.
-
12
Baird JK, 2004. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 :4075–4083.
-
13
Han ET, Lee DH, Park KD, Seok WS, Kim YS, Tsuboi T, Shin EH, Chai JY, 2006. Reemerging vivax malaria: changing patterns of annual incidence and control programs in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 44 :285–294.
-
14
Schuurkamp GJ, Spicer PE, Kereu RK, Bulungol PK, Rieckmann KH, 1992. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86 :121–122.
-
15
Bergqvist Y, Domeij-Nyberg B, 1983. Distribution of chloroquine and its metabolite desethyl-chloroquine in human blood cells and its implication for the quantitative determination of these compounds in serum and plasma. J Chromatogr 272 :137–148.
-
16
Gustafsson LL, Walker O, Alvan G, Beermann B, Estevez F, Gleisner L, Lindstrom B, Sjoqvist F, 1983. Disposition of chloroquine in man after single intravenous and oral doses. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15 :471–479.
-
17
Taylor WR, Doan HN, Nguyen DT, Tran TU, Fryauff DJ, Gomez-Saladin E, Kain KC, Le DC, Baird JK, 2000. Assessing drug sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax to halofantrine or choroquine in southern, central Vietnam using an extended 28-day in vivo test and polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :693–697.
-
18
Murphy GS, Basri H, Purnomo, Andersen EM, Bangs MJ, Mount DL, Gorden J, Lal AA, Purwokusumo AR, Harjosuwarno S, 1993. Vivax malaria resistant to treatment and prophylaxis with chloroquine. Lancet 341 :96–100.
-
19
Baird JK, Leksana B, Masbar S, Suradi, Sutanihardja MA, Fryauff DJ, Subianto B, 1997. Whole blood chloroquine concentrations with Plasmodium vivax infection in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :618–620.
-
20
Baird JK, Fryauff DJ, Basri H, Bangs MJ, Subianto B, Wiady I, Purnomo, Leksana B, Masbar S, Richie TL 1995. Primaquine for prophylaxis against malaria among nonimmune transmigrants in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52 :479–484.
-
21
Fryauff DJ, Baird JK, Basri H, Sumawinata I, Purnomo, Richie TL, Ohrt CK, Mouzin E, Church CJ, Richards AL, 1995. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for prophylaxis of falciparum and vivax malaria. Lancet 346 :1190–1193.
-
22
Sumawinata IW, Bernadeta, Leksana B, Sutamihardja A, Purnomo, Subianto B, Sekartuti, Fryauff DJ, Baird JK, 2003. Very high risk of therapeutic failure with chloroquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria in Indonesian Papua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :416–420.
-
23
Baird JK, Wiady I, Fryauff DJ, Sutanihardja MA, Leksana B, Widjaya H, Kysdarmanto, Subianto B, 1997. In vivo resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum at Nabire, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :627–631.
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Biological Resistance of Hydroxychloroquine for Plasmodium vivax Malaria in the Republic of Korea
Sei Won Lee
Sei Won Lee
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Minhee Lee
Minhee Lee
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dae Dong Lee
Dae Dong Lee
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Changsoo Kim
Changsoo Kim
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yeon-Joo Kim
Yeon-Joo Kim
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jung-Yeon Kim
Jung-Yeon Kim
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Michael D. Green
Michael D. Green
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Terry A. Klein
Terry A. Klein
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Heung Chul Kim
Heung Chul Kim
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Henry Nettey
Henry Nettey
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dong Hoon Ko
Dong Hoon Ko
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hyungsuk Kim
Hyungsuk Kim
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Inho Park
Inho Park
Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Ildong Hospital, Pocheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospitial, Yangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Parasite Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade, USAMEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Pathology, Armed Forces Byuck Je Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Chief of Professional Service, Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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The Republic of Korea (ROK) Army instituted a vivax malaria chemoprophylaxis program (hydroxychloroquine [HCQ] 400 mg per week) in 1997 that was expanded to nearly 200,000 soldiers by 2007, raising concerns for the emergence of drug-resistant vivax malaria. Therefore, a study of whole blood HCQ concentrations for all malaria patients admitted to four ROK Army hospitals was conducted from June through September 2007. For all 142 vivax malaria patients enrolled, fevers returned to normal by Day 3 post-treatment and all thin blood films were negative for parasites by Day 7. Pre-treatment whole blood concentrations of HCQ for 14 patients were > 100 ng/mL. Eight of the patients were enrolled in the ROK Army chemoprophylaxis program that reported taking HCQ as directed, with the last pill taken ≥ 4 days before diagnosis. Although there was no evidence of clinical resistance, chemoprophylaxis data indicates the biological resistance or tolerance to HCQ in ROK.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Coatney GR, 1963. Pitfalls in a discovery: the chronicle of chloroquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 12 :121–128.
-
2
Organization WH, 2001. The Use of Antimalarial Drugs. Report of a WHO Informal Consultation. Report WHO/CDS/RBM/2001.33. Geneva: Switzerland.
-
3
Baird JK, Basri H, Purnomo, Bangs MJ, Subianto B, Patchen LC, Hoffman SL, 1991. Resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44 :547–552.
-
4
Rieckmann KH, Davis DR, Hutton DC, 1989. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine? Lancet 2 :1183–1184.
-
5
Oh MD, Shin H, Shin D, Kim U, Lee S, Kim N, Choi MH, Chai JY, Choe K, 2001. Clinical features of vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :143–146.
-
6
Feighner BH, Pak SI, Novakoski WL, Kelsey LL, Strickman D, 1998. Reemergence of Plasmodium vivax malaria in the republic of Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 4 :295–297.
-
7
Park JW, Klein TA, Lee HC, Pacha LA, Ryu SH, Yeom JS, Moon SH, Kim TS, Chai JY, Oh MD, Choe KW, 2003. Vivax malaria: a continuing health threat to the Republic of Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :159–167.
-
8
Kim HC, Pacha LA, Lee WJ, Lee JK, Gaydos JC, Sames WJ, Lee HCS, Bradley K, Jeung GG, Tobler SK, Klein TA, 2009. Malaria in the Republic of Korea, 1993–2007. Variable related to reemergence and persistence of Plasmodium vivax among Korean populations and US Forces Korea. Mil Med 174 : (in press).
-
9
Klein TA, Pacha LA, Lee HCS, Kim HC, Lee WJ, Lee JK, Jeung GG, Sames WJ, Gaydos JC, 2009. Plasmodium vivax malaria among U.S. Forces Korea in the Republic of Korea, 1993–2007. Mil Med 174 :412–418.
-
10
Yeom JS, Ryu SH, Oh S, Choi DH, Song KJ, Oh YH, Lee JH, Kim YA, Ahn SY, Yang HY, Cha JE, Park JW, 2005. Evaluation of anti-malarial effects of mass chemoprophylaxis in the Republic of Korea army. J Korean Med Sci 20 :707–712.
-
11
Berliner RW, Earle DP, Taggart JV, Zubrod CG, Welch WJ, Conan NJ, Bauman E, Scudder ST, Shannon JA, 1948. Studies on the chemotherapy of the human malarias. VI. The physiological disposition, antimalarial activity, and toxicity of several derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline. J Clin Invest 27 :98–107.
-
12
Baird JK, 2004. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 :4075–4083.
-
13
Han ET, Lee DH, Park KD, Seok WS, Kim YS, Tsuboi T, Shin EH, Chai JY, 2006. Reemerging vivax malaria: changing patterns of annual incidence and control programs in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 44 :285–294.
-
14
Schuurkamp GJ, Spicer PE, Kereu RK, Bulungol PK, Rieckmann KH, 1992. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86 :121–122.
-
15
Bergqvist Y, Domeij-Nyberg B, 1983. Distribution of chloroquine and its metabolite desethyl-chloroquine in human blood cells and its implication for the quantitative determination of these compounds in serum and plasma. J Chromatogr 272 :137–148.
-
16
Gustafsson LL, Walker O, Alvan G, Beermann B, Estevez F, Gleisner L, Lindstrom B, Sjoqvist F, 1983. Disposition of chloroquine in man after single intravenous and oral doses. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15 :471–479.
-
17
Taylor WR, Doan HN, Nguyen DT, Tran TU, Fryauff DJ, Gomez-Saladin E, Kain KC, Le DC, Baird JK, 2000. Assessing drug sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax to halofantrine or choroquine in southern, central Vietnam using an extended 28-day in vivo test and polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :693–697.
-
18
Murphy GS, Basri H, Purnomo, Andersen EM, Bangs MJ, Mount DL, Gorden J, Lal AA, Purwokusumo AR, Harjosuwarno S, 1993. Vivax malaria resistant to treatment and prophylaxis with chloroquine. Lancet 341 :96–100.
-
19
Baird JK, Leksana B, Masbar S, Suradi, Sutanihardja MA, Fryauff DJ, Subianto B, 1997. Whole blood chloroquine concentrations with Plasmodium vivax infection in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :618–620.
-
20
Baird JK, Fryauff DJ, Basri H, Bangs MJ, Subianto B, Wiady I, Purnomo, Leksana B, Masbar S, Richie TL 1995. Primaquine for prophylaxis against malaria among nonimmune transmigrants in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52 :479–484.
-
21
Fryauff DJ, Baird JK, Basri H, Sumawinata I, Purnomo, Richie TL, Ohrt CK, Mouzin E, Church CJ, Richards AL, 1995. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for prophylaxis of falciparum and vivax malaria. Lancet 346 :1190–1193.
-
22
Sumawinata IW, Bernadeta, Leksana B, Sutamihardja A, Purnomo, Subianto B, Sekartuti, Fryauff DJ, Baird JK, 2003. Very high risk of therapeutic failure with chloroquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria in Indonesian Papua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :416–420.
-
23
Baird JK, Wiady I, Fryauff DJ, Sutanihardja MA, Leksana B, Widjaya H, Kysdarmanto, Subianto B, 1997. In vivo resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum at Nabire, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :627–631.
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