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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1
World Health Organization, 2006. Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2
Olumese P, 2007. Global Antimalarial Drug Policy Database. Antimalarial treatment policies for P. falciparum and P. vivax by country in WHO Africa and Eastern Mediterranian region. [April 2007 Update]. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/treatmentpolicies.html. Accessed August 28, 2007.
-
3
Amexo M, Tolhurst R, Barnish G, Bates I, 2004. Malaria misdiagnosis: effects on the poor and vulnerable. Lancet 364 :1896–1898.
-
4
Bell DC, Wongsrichanalai C, Barnwell JW, 2006. Ensuring quality and access for malaria diagnosis: how can it be achieved? Nat Rev Microbiol 4 (Suppl 9):7–20.
-
5
Goodman C, 1999. The Economic Evaluation of Malaria Diagnosis. Working Paper Prepared for Informal Consultation on “Malaria diagnostics at the turn of the century,” organized by WHO and USAID, Geneva, 25–27 October 1999.
-
6
Rafael ME, Taylor T, Magill A, Lim JW, Girosi F, Allan R, 2006. Reducing the burden of childhood malaria in Africa: the role of improved diagnostics. Nature S1 :39–48.
-
7
Shillcutt S, Morel S, Goodman C, Coleman P, Bell D, Whitty CJM, Mills A, 2008. Cost-effectiveness of malaria diagnostic methods in sub-Saharan Africa in an era of combination therapy. Bull World Health Organ 86 :101–110.
-
8
Hamer DH, Ndhlovu M, Zurovac D, Fox M, Yeboah-Antwi K, Chanda P, Sipilinyambe N, Simon JL, Snow RW, 2007. Improved diagnostic testing and malaria treatment practices in Zambia. JAMA 297 :2227–2231.
-
9
Barat LM, Chippa J, Kolczak M, Sukwa T, 1999. Does the availability of blood slide microscopy for malaria at health centers improve the management of persons with fever in Zambia? Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :1024–1030.
-
10
Zurovac D, Midia B, Ochola SA, English M, Snow RW, 2006. Microscopy and outpatient malaria case management among older children and adults in Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 11 :432–440.
-
11
Reyburn H, Mbakilwa H, Mwangi R, Mwerinde O, Olomi R, Drakeley C, Whitty CJM, 2007. Rapid diagnostic tests compared with malaria microscopy for guiding outpatient treatment of febrile illness in Tanzania: randomised trial. BMJ 334 :403.
-
12
Zurovac D, Ndhlovu M, Rowe AK, Hamer DH, Thea DM, Snow RW, 2005. Treatment of paediatric malaria during a period of drug transition to artemether-lumefantrine in Zambia: cross sectional study. BMJ 33 :734–737.
-
13
Zurovac D, Ndhlovu M, Sipilanyambe N, Chanda P, Hamer DH, Simon JL, Snow RW, 2007. Paediatric malaria case-management with artemether-lumefantrine in Zambia: a repeat cross-sectional study. Malaria J 6 :31.
-
14
Zurovac D, Ngigi J, Akhwale W, Hamer DH, Snow RW, 2008. Translation of artemether-lumefantrine treatment policy into paediatric clinical practice: an early experience from Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 13 :99–107.
-
15
Zurovac D, Larson BA, Akhwale W, Snow RW, 2006. The financial and clinical implications of adult malaria diagnosis using microscopy in Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 11 :1185–1194.
-
16
Skarbinski J, Ouma P, Causer P, Kariuki S, Barnwell J, de Oliveira AM, Zurovac D, Larson B, Snow RW, Rowe AK, Laserson K, Akhwale W, Slutsker L, Hamel M. Introduction of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, new guidelines, and artemether-lumefantrine in Kenya: a cluster randomized trial. Submitted.
-
17
de Oliveira AM, Skarbinski J, Ouma P, Kariuki S, Barnwell J, Otieno K, Onyona P, Causer L, Laserson K, Akhwale W, Slutsker L, Hamel M, 2007. Malaria rapid diagnostic test use and performance by facility based health workers in western Kenya. Proceedings of the 56th annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 4–8 November 2007, Philadelphia, USA. Abstract 338.
-
18
Reyburn H, Ruanda J, Mwerinde O, Drakeley C, 2006. The contribution of microscopy to targeting antimalarial treatment in a low transmission area of Tanzania. Malar J 5 :4.
-
19
Stow NW, Torrens JK, Walker J, 1999. An assessment of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, local microscopy and a rapid immunochromatographic card test in comparison with expert microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria in rural Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :519–520.
-
20
Bell D, Go R, Miguel C, Walker J, Cacal L, Saul A, 2001. Diagnosis of malaria in a remote area of the Philippines: comparison of techniques and their acceptance by health workers and the community. Bull World Health Organ 79 :933–941.
-
21
Mayxay M, Newton PN, Yeung S, Pongvongsa T, Phompida S, Phetsouvanh R, White NJ, 2004. An assessment of the use of malaria rapid tests by village health volunteers in rural Laos. Trop Med Int Health 9 :325–329.
-
22
Lubell YH, Reyburn H, Mbakilwa H, Mwangi R, Chonya S, Whitty CJM, Mills A, 2008. The impact of response to the results of diagnostic tests for malaria: cost-benefit analysis. BMJ 336 :202–205.
-
23
Bloland PB, Boriga DA, Ruebush TK, McCormick JB, Roberts JM, Oloo AJ, Hawley W, Lal A, Nahlen B, 1999. Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission II. Descriptive epidemiology of malaria infection and disease among children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :641–648.
-
24
Snow RW, Marsh K, 1998. New insights into the epidemiology of malaria relevant for disease control. Br Med Bull 54 :293–309.
-
25
Chandramohan D, Carneiro I, Kavishwar A, Brugha R, Desai V, Greenwood BM, 2001. A clinical algorithm for the diagnosis of malaria: results of an evaluation in an area of low endemicity. Trop Med Int Health 6 :505–510.
-
26
Mwangi TW, Mohammed M, Dayo H, Snow RW, Marsh K, 2005. Clinical algorithms for malaria diagnosis lack utility among people of different age groups. Trop Med Int Health 10 :530–536.
-
27
Ministry of Health, 2006. National Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention of Malaria for Health Workers. Nairobi: Republic of Kenya.
-
28
Shanks GD, Hay SI, Omumbo JA, Snow RW, 2005. Malaria in Kenya’s western highlands. Emerg Infect Dis 11 :1425–1432.
-
29
Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, Bruce J, Carneiro I, Olomi R, Cox J, Nkya WMMM, Lemnge M, Greenwood BM, Riley EM, 2005. Association of transmission intensity and age with clinical manifestations and case fatality of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. JAMA 293 :1461–1470.
-
30
Idro R, Bitarakwate E, Tumwesigire S, John CC, 2005. Clinical manifestations of severe malaria in the highlands of southwestern Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :561–567.
-
31
Nosten F, Brasseur P, 2002. Combination therapy for malaria: the way forward? Drugs 62 :1315–1329.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 422 | 392 | 46 |
| Full Text Views | 266 | 3 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 53 | 3 | 1 |
Modeling the Financial and Clinical Implications of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in the Case-management of Older Children and Adults in Kenya
Dejan Zurovac
Dejan Zurovac
Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for International Health and Development, Department of International Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Bruce A. Larson
Bruce A. Larson
Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for International Health and Development, Department of International Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Jacek Skarbinski
Jacek Skarbinski
Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for International Health and Development, Department of International Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Laurence Slutsker
Laurence Slutsker
Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for International Health and Development, Department of International Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Robert W. Snow
Robert W. Snow
Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for International Health and Development, Department of International Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Mary J. Hamel
Mary J. Hamel
Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for International Health and Development, Department of International Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Using data on clinical practices for outpatients 5 years and older, test accuracy, and malaria prevalence, we model financial and clinical implications of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) under the new artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment policy in one high and one low malaria prevalence district in Kenya. In the high transmission district, RDTs as actually used would improve malaria treatment (61% less over-treatment but 8% more under-treatment) and lower costs (21% less). Nonetheless, the majority of patients with malaria would not be correctly treated with AL. In the low transmission district, especially because the treatment policy was new and AL was not widely used, RDTs as actually used would yield a minor reduction in under-treatment errors (36% less but the base is small) with 41% higher costs. In both districts, adherence to revised clinical practices with RDTs has the potential to further decrease treatment errors with acceptable costs.
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-
1
World Health Organization, 2006. Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2
Olumese P, 2007. Global Antimalarial Drug Policy Database. Antimalarial treatment policies for P. falciparum and P. vivax by country in WHO Africa and Eastern Mediterranian region. [April 2007 Update]. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/treatmentpolicies.html. Accessed August 28, 2007.
-
3
Amexo M, Tolhurst R, Barnish G, Bates I, 2004. Malaria misdiagnosis: effects on the poor and vulnerable. Lancet 364 :1896–1898.
-
4
Bell DC, Wongsrichanalai C, Barnwell JW, 2006. Ensuring quality and access for malaria diagnosis: how can it be achieved? Nat Rev Microbiol 4 (Suppl 9):7–20.
-
5
Goodman C, 1999. The Economic Evaluation of Malaria Diagnosis. Working Paper Prepared for Informal Consultation on “Malaria diagnostics at the turn of the century,” organized by WHO and USAID, Geneva, 25–27 October 1999.
-
6
Rafael ME, Taylor T, Magill A, Lim JW, Girosi F, Allan R, 2006. Reducing the burden of childhood malaria in Africa: the role of improved diagnostics. Nature S1 :39–48.
-
7
Shillcutt S, Morel S, Goodman C, Coleman P, Bell D, Whitty CJM, Mills A, 2008. Cost-effectiveness of malaria diagnostic methods in sub-Saharan Africa in an era of combination therapy. Bull World Health Organ 86 :101–110.
-
8
Hamer DH, Ndhlovu M, Zurovac D, Fox M, Yeboah-Antwi K, Chanda P, Sipilinyambe N, Simon JL, Snow RW, 2007. Improved diagnostic testing and malaria treatment practices in Zambia. JAMA 297 :2227–2231.
-
9
Barat LM, Chippa J, Kolczak M, Sukwa T, 1999. Does the availability of blood slide microscopy for malaria at health centers improve the management of persons with fever in Zambia? Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :1024–1030.
-
10
Zurovac D, Midia B, Ochola SA, English M, Snow RW, 2006. Microscopy and outpatient malaria case management among older children and adults in Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 11 :432–440.
-
11
Reyburn H, Mbakilwa H, Mwangi R, Mwerinde O, Olomi R, Drakeley C, Whitty CJM, 2007. Rapid diagnostic tests compared with malaria microscopy for guiding outpatient treatment of febrile illness in Tanzania: randomised trial. BMJ 334 :403.
-
12
Zurovac D, Ndhlovu M, Rowe AK, Hamer DH, Thea DM, Snow RW, 2005. Treatment of paediatric malaria during a period of drug transition to artemether-lumefantrine in Zambia: cross sectional study. BMJ 33 :734–737.
-
13
Zurovac D, Ndhlovu M, Sipilanyambe N, Chanda P, Hamer DH, Simon JL, Snow RW, 2007. Paediatric malaria case-management with artemether-lumefantrine in Zambia: a repeat cross-sectional study. Malaria J 6 :31.
-
14
Zurovac D, Ngigi J, Akhwale W, Hamer DH, Snow RW, 2008. Translation of artemether-lumefantrine treatment policy into paediatric clinical practice: an early experience from Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 13 :99–107.
-
15
Zurovac D, Larson BA, Akhwale W, Snow RW, 2006. The financial and clinical implications of adult malaria diagnosis using microscopy in Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 11 :1185–1194.
-
16
Skarbinski J, Ouma P, Causer P, Kariuki S, Barnwell J, de Oliveira AM, Zurovac D, Larson B, Snow RW, Rowe AK, Laserson K, Akhwale W, Slutsker L, Hamel M. Introduction of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, new guidelines, and artemether-lumefantrine in Kenya: a cluster randomized trial. Submitted.
-
17
de Oliveira AM, Skarbinski J, Ouma P, Kariuki S, Barnwell J, Otieno K, Onyona P, Causer L, Laserson K, Akhwale W, Slutsker L, Hamel M, 2007. Malaria rapid diagnostic test use and performance by facility based health workers in western Kenya. Proceedings of the 56th annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 4–8 November 2007, Philadelphia, USA. Abstract 338.
-
18
Reyburn H, Ruanda J, Mwerinde O, Drakeley C, 2006. The contribution of microscopy to targeting antimalarial treatment in a low transmission area of Tanzania. Malar J 5 :4.
-
19
Stow NW, Torrens JK, Walker J, 1999. An assessment of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, local microscopy and a rapid immunochromatographic card test in comparison with expert microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria in rural Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 :519–520.
-
20
Bell D, Go R, Miguel C, Walker J, Cacal L, Saul A, 2001. Diagnosis of malaria in a remote area of the Philippines: comparison of techniques and their acceptance by health workers and the community. Bull World Health Organ 79 :933–941.
-
21
Mayxay M, Newton PN, Yeung S, Pongvongsa T, Phompida S, Phetsouvanh R, White NJ, 2004. An assessment of the use of malaria rapid tests by village health volunteers in rural Laos. Trop Med Int Health 9 :325–329.
-
22
Lubell YH, Reyburn H, Mbakilwa H, Mwangi R, Chonya S, Whitty CJM, Mills A, 2008. The impact of response to the results of diagnostic tests for malaria: cost-benefit analysis. BMJ 336 :202–205.
-
23
Bloland PB, Boriga DA, Ruebush TK, McCormick JB, Roberts JM, Oloo AJ, Hawley W, Lal A, Nahlen B, 1999. Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission II. Descriptive epidemiology of malaria infection and disease among children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :641–648.
-
24
Snow RW, Marsh K, 1998. New insights into the epidemiology of malaria relevant for disease control. Br Med Bull 54 :293–309.
-
25
Chandramohan D, Carneiro I, Kavishwar A, Brugha R, Desai V, Greenwood BM, 2001. A clinical algorithm for the diagnosis of malaria: results of an evaluation in an area of low endemicity. Trop Med Int Health 6 :505–510.
-
26
Mwangi TW, Mohammed M, Dayo H, Snow RW, Marsh K, 2005. Clinical algorithms for malaria diagnosis lack utility among people of different age groups. Trop Med Int Health 10 :530–536.
-
27
Ministry of Health, 2006. National Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention of Malaria for Health Workers. Nairobi: Republic of Kenya.
-
28
Shanks GD, Hay SI, Omumbo JA, Snow RW, 2005. Malaria in Kenya’s western highlands. Emerg Infect Dis 11 :1425–1432.
-
29
Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, Bruce J, Carneiro I, Olomi R, Cox J, Nkya WMMM, Lemnge M, Greenwood BM, Riley EM, 2005. Association of transmission intensity and age with clinical manifestations and case fatality of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. JAMA 293 :1461–1470.
-
30
Idro R, Bitarakwate E, Tumwesigire S, John CC, 2005. Clinical manifestations of severe malaria in the highlands of southwestern Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :561–567.
-
31
Nosten F, Brasseur P, 2002. Combination therapy for malaria: the way forward? Drugs 62 :1315–1329.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 422 | 392 | 46 |
| Full Text Views | 266 | 3 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 53 | 3 | 1 |