- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS
- Microscopic analysis of invasion/growth inhibitory effects of bloodstage-specific antisera.
- Comparison of DNA-binding dyes Syto16 and HE for their ability to measure the effect of bloodstage-specific antisera on parasite viability.
- Measurement of parasite metabolic activity.
- Comparison of the methods for measuring the growth inhibitory activity of immune sera.
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Cohen S, Mc GI, Carrington S, 1961. Gamma-globulin and acquired immunity to human malaria. Nature 192 :733–737.
-
2
Butcher GA, Cohen S, Garnham PC, 1970. Passive immunity in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 64 :850–856.
-
3
Bouharoun-Tayoun H, Attanath P, Sabchareon A, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, Druilhe P, 1990. Antibodies that protect humans against Plasmodium falciparum blood stages do not on their own inhibit parasite growth and invasion in vitro, but act in cooperation with monocytes. J Exp Med 172 :1633–1641.
-
4
Groux H, Gysin J, 1990. Opsonization as an effector mechanism in human protection against asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum: Functional role of IgG subclasses. Res Immunol 141 :529–542.
-
5
Perkins M, 1991. Approaches to study merozoite invasion of erythrocytes. Res Immunol 141 :662–665.
-
6
Ahlborg N, Iqbal J, Bjork L, Stahl S, Perlmann P, Berzins K, 1996. Plasmodium falciparum: Differential parasite growth inhibition mediated by antibodies to the antigen Pf332 and Pf155/RESA. Exp Parasitol 82 :155–163.
-
7
Woehlbier U, Epp C, Kauth CW, Lutz R, Long CA, Coulibaly B, Kouyate B, Arevalo-Herrera M, Herrera S, Bujard H, 2006. Analysis of antibodies directed against merozoite surface protein 1 of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Infect Immun 74 :1313–1322.
-
8
Green TJ, Morhardt M, Brackett RG, Jacobs RL, 1981. Serum inhibition of merozoite dispersal from Plasmodium falciparum schizonts: indicator of immune status. Infect Immun 31 :1203–1208.
-
9
Chulay JD, Aikawa M, Diggs C, Haynes JD, 1981. Inhibitory effects of immune monkey serum on synchronized Plasmodium falciparum cultures. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30 :12–19.
-
10
Pang X-L, Mitamura T, Horii T, 1999. Antibodies reactive with the N-terminal domain of Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen inhibit cell proliferation by agglutinating merozoites and schizonts. Infect Immun 67 :1821–1827.
-
11
Tebo AE, Kremsner PG, Luty AJ, 2001. Plasmodium falciparum: A major role for IgG3 in antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated cellular inhibition of parasite growth in vitro. Exp Parasitol 98 :20–28.
-
12
Haynes JD, Moch JK, Smoot DS, 2002. Erythrocytic malaria growth or invasion inhibition assays with emphasis on suspension culture GIA. Methods Mol Med 72 :535–554.
-
13
Prudhomme JG, Sherman IW, 1999. A high capacity in vitro assay for measuring the cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. J Immunol Meth 229 :169–176.
-
14
Makler MT, Hinrichs DJ, 1993. Measurement of the lactate dehydrogenase activity of Plasmodium falciparum as an assessment of parasitemia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :205–210.
-
15
Wyatt CR, Goff W, Davis WC, 1991. A flow cytometric method for assessing viability of intraerythrocytic hemoparasites. J Immunol Meth 140 :117–122.
-
16
van der Heyde HC, Elloso MM, vande Waa J, Schell K, Weidanz WP, 1995. Use of hydroethidine and flow cytometry to assess the effects of leukocytes on the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2 :417–425.
-
17
Rahman NN, 1997. Evaluation of the sensitivity in vitro of Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo of Plasmodium chabaudi Malaria to various drugs and their combinations. Med J Malaysia 52 :390–398.
-
18
Bungener W, Nielsen G, 1968. Nucleic acid metabolism in experimental malaria. 2. Incorporation of adenosine and hypoxanthine into the nucleic acids of malaria parasites (Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium vinckei). Z Tropenmed Parasitol 19 :185–197.
-
19
Kennedy MC, Wang J, Zhang Y, Miles AP, Chitsaz F, Saul A, Long CA, Miller LH, Stowers AW, 2002. In vitro studies with recombinant Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1): production and activity of an AMA1 vaccine and generation of a multiallelic response. Infect Immun 70 :6948–6960.
-
20
Angov E, Aufiero BM, Turgeon AM, Van Handenhove M, Ockenhouse CF, Kester KE, Walsh DS, McBride JS, Dubois MC, Cohen J, Haynes JD, Eckels KH, Heppner DG, Ballou WR, Diggs CL, Lyon JA, 2003. Development and pre-clinical analysis of a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1(42) malaria vaccine. Mol Biochem Parasitol 128 :195–204.
-
21
Darko CA, Angov E, Collins WE, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Girouard AS, Hitt SL, McBride JS, Diggs CL, Holder AA, Long CA, Barnwell JW, Lyon JA, 2005. The clinical-grade 42-kilodalton fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum strain FVO expressed in Escherichia coli protects Aotus nancymai against challenge with homologous erythrocytic-stage parasites. Infect Immun 73 :287–297.
-
22
Brand V, Sandu CD, Duranton C, Tanneur V, Lang KS, Huber SM, Lang F, 2003. Dependence of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro growth on the cation permeability of the human host erythrocyte. Cell Physiol Biochem 13 :347–356.
-
23
Healer J, Murphy V, Hodder AN, Masciantonio R, Gemmill AW, Anders RF, Cowman AF, Batchelor A, 2004. Allelic polymorphisms in apical membrane antigen-1 are responsible for evasion of antibody-mediated inhibition in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Microbiol 52 :159–168.
-
24
Triglia T, Healer J, Caruana SR, Hodder AN, Anders RF, Crabb BS, Cowman AF, 2000. Apical membrane antigen 1 plays a central role in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium species. Mol Microbiol 38 :706–718.
-
25
Haynes JD, Moch JK, 2002. Automated synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum parasites by culture in a temperature-cycling incubator. Methods Mol Med 72 :489–497.
-
26
Miura K, Zhou H, Muratova OV, Miles A, Miller LH, Saul A, Long CA, 2006. Development and standardization of an in vitro Plasmodium falciparum, Growth inhibition assay utilizing measurements of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Mol Biochem Parasitol: in press.
-
27
Blackman MJ, Scott-Finnigan TJ, Shai S, Holder AA, 1994. Antibodies inhibit the protease-mediated processing of a malaria merozoite surface protein. J Exp Med 180 :389–393.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 381 | 349 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 243 | 5 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 79 | 6 | 1 |
CRITICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR MEASURING THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST MALARIA BLOOD STAGE ANTIGENS
ELKE S. BERGMANN-LEITNER
ELKE S. BERGMANN-LEITNER
Department of Immunology, CD&I, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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ELIZABETH H. DUNCAN
ELIZABETH H. DUNCAN
Department of Immunology, CD&I, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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GREGORY E. MULLEN
GREGORY E. MULLEN
Department of Immunology, CD&I, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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JOHN ROBERT BURGE
JOHN ROBERT BURGE
Department of Immunology, CD&I, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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FARHAT KHAN
FARHAT KHAN
Department of Immunology, CD&I, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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CAROLE A. LONG
CAROLE A. LONG
Department of Immunology, CD&I, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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EVELINA ANGOV
EVELINA ANGOV
Department of Immunology, CD&I, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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JEFFREY A. LYON
JEFFREY A. LYON
Department of Immunology, CD&I, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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Antibodies are thought to be the primary immune effectors in the defense against erythrocytic stage Plasmodium falciparum. Thus, malaria vaccines directed to blood stages of infection are evaluated based on their ability to induce antibodies with anti-parasite activity. Such antibodies may have different effector functions (e.g., inhibition of invasion or inhibition of parasite growth/development) depending on the target antigen. We evaluated four methods with regards to their ability to differentiate between invasion and/or growth inhibitory activities of antibodies specific for two distinct blood stage antigens: AMA1 and MSP142. We conclude that antibodies induced by these vaccine candidates have different modes of action that vary not only by the antigen, but also by the strain of parasite being tested. Analysis based on parasitemia and viability was essential for defining the full range of anti-parasite activities in immune sera.
Author Notes
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS
- Microscopic analysis of invasion/growth inhibitory effects of bloodstage-specific antisera.
- Comparison of DNA-binding dyes Syto16 and HE for their ability to measure the effect of bloodstage-specific antisera on parasite viability.
- Measurement of parasite metabolic activity.
- Comparison of the methods for measuring the growth inhibitory activity of immune sera.
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Cohen S, Mc GI, Carrington S, 1961. Gamma-globulin and acquired immunity to human malaria. Nature 192 :733–737.
-
2
Butcher GA, Cohen S, Garnham PC, 1970. Passive immunity in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 64 :850–856.
-
3
Bouharoun-Tayoun H, Attanath P, Sabchareon A, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, Druilhe P, 1990. Antibodies that protect humans against Plasmodium falciparum blood stages do not on their own inhibit parasite growth and invasion in vitro, but act in cooperation with monocytes. J Exp Med 172 :1633–1641.
-
4
Groux H, Gysin J, 1990. Opsonization as an effector mechanism in human protection against asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum: Functional role of IgG subclasses. Res Immunol 141 :529–542.
-
5
Perkins M, 1991. Approaches to study merozoite invasion of erythrocytes. Res Immunol 141 :662–665.
-
6
Ahlborg N, Iqbal J, Bjork L, Stahl S, Perlmann P, Berzins K, 1996. Plasmodium falciparum: Differential parasite growth inhibition mediated by antibodies to the antigen Pf332 and Pf155/RESA. Exp Parasitol 82 :155–163.
-
7
Woehlbier U, Epp C, Kauth CW, Lutz R, Long CA, Coulibaly B, Kouyate B, Arevalo-Herrera M, Herrera S, Bujard H, 2006. Analysis of antibodies directed against merozoite surface protein 1 of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Infect Immun 74 :1313–1322.
-
8
Green TJ, Morhardt M, Brackett RG, Jacobs RL, 1981. Serum inhibition of merozoite dispersal from Plasmodium falciparum schizonts: indicator of immune status. Infect Immun 31 :1203–1208.
-
9
Chulay JD, Aikawa M, Diggs C, Haynes JD, 1981. Inhibitory effects of immune monkey serum on synchronized Plasmodium falciparum cultures. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30 :12–19.
-
10
Pang X-L, Mitamura T, Horii T, 1999. Antibodies reactive with the N-terminal domain of Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen inhibit cell proliferation by agglutinating merozoites and schizonts. Infect Immun 67 :1821–1827.
-
11
Tebo AE, Kremsner PG, Luty AJ, 2001. Plasmodium falciparum: A major role for IgG3 in antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated cellular inhibition of parasite growth in vitro. Exp Parasitol 98 :20–28.
-
12
Haynes JD, Moch JK, Smoot DS, 2002. Erythrocytic malaria growth or invasion inhibition assays with emphasis on suspension culture GIA. Methods Mol Med 72 :535–554.
-
13
Prudhomme JG, Sherman IW, 1999. A high capacity in vitro assay for measuring the cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. J Immunol Meth 229 :169–176.
-
14
Makler MT, Hinrichs DJ, 1993. Measurement of the lactate dehydrogenase activity of Plasmodium falciparum as an assessment of parasitemia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :205–210.
-
15
Wyatt CR, Goff W, Davis WC, 1991. A flow cytometric method for assessing viability of intraerythrocytic hemoparasites. J Immunol Meth 140 :117–122.
-
16
van der Heyde HC, Elloso MM, vande Waa J, Schell K, Weidanz WP, 1995. Use of hydroethidine and flow cytometry to assess the effects of leukocytes on the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2 :417–425.
-
17
Rahman NN, 1997. Evaluation of the sensitivity in vitro of Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo of Plasmodium chabaudi Malaria to various drugs and their combinations. Med J Malaysia 52 :390–398.
-
18
Bungener W, Nielsen G, 1968. Nucleic acid metabolism in experimental malaria. 2. Incorporation of adenosine and hypoxanthine into the nucleic acids of malaria parasites (Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium vinckei). Z Tropenmed Parasitol 19 :185–197.
-
19
Kennedy MC, Wang J, Zhang Y, Miles AP, Chitsaz F, Saul A, Long CA, Miller LH, Stowers AW, 2002. In vitro studies with recombinant Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1): production and activity of an AMA1 vaccine and generation of a multiallelic response. Infect Immun 70 :6948–6960.
-
20
Angov E, Aufiero BM, Turgeon AM, Van Handenhove M, Ockenhouse CF, Kester KE, Walsh DS, McBride JS, Dubois MC, Cohen J, Haynes JD, Eckels KH, Heppner DG, Ballou WR, Diggs CL, Lyon JA, 2003. Development and pre-clinical analysis of a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1(42) malaria vaccine. Mol Biochem Parasitol 128 :195–204.
-
21
Darko CA, Angov E, Collins WE, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Girouard AS, Hitt SL, McBride JS, Diggs CL, Holder AA, Long CA, Barnwell JW, Lyon JA, 2005. The clinical-grade 42-kilodalton fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum strain FVO expressed in Escherichia coli protects Aotus nancymai against challenge with homologous erythrocytic-stage parasites. Infect Immun 73 :287–297.
-
22
Brand V, Sandu CD, Duranton C, Tanneur V, Lang KS, Huber SM, Lang F, 2003. Dependence of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro growth on the cation permeability of the human host erythrocyte. Cell Physiol Biochem 13 :347–356.
-
23
Healer J, Murphy V, Hodder AN, Masciantonio R, Gemmill AW, Anders RF, Cowman AF, Batchelor A, 2004. Allelic polymorphisms in apical membrane antigen-1 are responsible for evasion of antibody-mediated inhibition in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Microbiol 52 :159–168.
-
24
Triglia T, Healer J, Caruana SR, Hodder AN, Anders RF, Crabb BS, Cowman AF, 2000. Apical membrane antigen 1 plays a central role in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium species. Mol Microbiol 38 :706–718.
-
25
Haynes JD, Moch JK, 2002. Automated synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum parasites by culture in a temperature-cycling incubator. Methods Mol Med 72 :489–497.
-
26
Miura K, Zhou H, Muratova OV, Miles A, Miller LH, Saul A, Long CA, 2006. Development and standardization of an in vitro Plasmodium falciparum, Growth inhibition assay utilizing measurements of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Mol Biochem Parasitol: in press.
-
27
Blackman MJ, Scott-Finnigan TJ, Shai S, Holder AA, 1994. Antibodies inhibit the protease-mediated processing of a malaria merozoite surface protein. J Exp Med 180 :389–393.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 381 | 349 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 243 | 5 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 79 | 6 | 1 |