INDIRECT HEMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY IN PATIENTS WITH MELIOIDOSIS IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA

ALLEN C. CHENG Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Geelong Hospital, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Northern Territory Clinical School, Flinders University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Microbiology Laboratory, Northern Territory Government Pathology Service, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

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MATHEW O’BRIEN Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Geelong Hospital, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Northern Territory Clinical School, Flinders University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Microbiology Laboratory, Northern Territory Government Pathology Service, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

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KEVIN FREEMAN Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Geelong Hospital, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Northern Territory Clinical School, Flinders University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Microbiology Laboratory, Northern Territory Government Pathology Service, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

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GARY LUM Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Geelong Hospital, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Northern Territory Clinical School, Flinders University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Microbiology Laboratory, Northern Territory Government Pathology Service, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

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BART J. CURRIE Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Geelong Hospital, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Northern Territory Clinical School, Flinders University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Microbiology Laboratory, Northern Territory Government Pathology Service, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

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Melioidosis is caused by the saprophytic organism Burkholderia pseudomallei. The use of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) has found widespread use in areas endemic for this disease. Using this assay, we explored the serologic profile of 275 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis in the Northern Territory of Australia. Based on a threshold titer of 1:40, the sensitivity of the IHA on admission was 56%. Female patients, those with positive blood cultures, and those with pneumonia independently predicted a negative IHA result. Most patients (68%) with negative admission IHA titers subsequently seroconverted. Most patients (92%) with positive admission IHA titers had persistently positive IHA titers. Relapses were not observed in 36 patients who had a negative IHA at least 1 month after admission, irrespective of initial admission IHA. The IHA has limited utility as a diagnostic test for acute disease, and most patients subsequently have persistently positive titers after recovery from illness.

Author Notes

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