IDENTIFICATION IN TRIATOMINE VECTORS OF FEEDING SOURCES AND TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI VARIANTS BY HETERODUPLEX ASSAY AND A MULTIPLEX MINIEXON POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

MARIE-FRANCE BOSSENO Unite de Recherche 008 Pathogénie et Epidémiologie des Trypanosomatidés, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico

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LUIS SANTOS GARCÍA Unite de Recherche 008 Pathogénie et Epidémiologie des Trypanosomatidés, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico

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FRANÇOISE BAUNAURE Unite de Recherche 008 Pathogénie et Epidémiologie des Trypanosomatidés, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico

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EZEQUIEL MAGALLÓN GASTELÚM Unite de Recherche 008 Pathogénie et Epidémiologie des Trypanosomatidés, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico

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MARGARITA SOTO GUTIERREZ Unite de Recherche 008 Pathogénie et Epidémiologie des Trypanosomatidés, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico

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FELIPE LOZANO KASTEN Unite de Recherche 008 Pathogénie et Epidémiologie des Trypanosomatidés, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico

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ERIC DUMONTEIL Unite de Recherche 008 Pathogénie et Epidémiologie des Trypanosomatidés, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico

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SIMONE FRÉDÉRIQUE BRENIÈRE Unite de Recherche 008 Pathogénie et Epidémiologie des Trypanosomatidés, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico

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Feeding sources of triatomine vectors (Triatoma longipennis) collected in peridomiciles in Mexico were identified by a heteroduplex assay developed with triatomine blood meals. Trypanosoma cruzi parasites were also characterized in the same blood meal samples by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction assay of mini-exon gene inter-genic regions. The main blood meal source was from rats, but the bugs were able to feed on a wide variety of hosts, and human blood meals were identified. Trypanosoma cruzi was the only flagellate species identified in the blood meals. All populations belong to the T. cruzi I lineage, a result that is consistent with the previously assumed predominance of this lineage in Mexico. This combination of blood meal and T. cruzi lineage identification provides a powerful tool for understanding T. cruzi transmission cycles.

Author Notes

  • 1

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  • 2

    Momen H, 1999. Taxonomy of Trypanosoma cruzi: a commentary on characterization and nomenclature. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94 :181–184.

  • 3

    Yeo M, Acosta N, Llewellyn M, Sanchez H, Adamson S, Miles GA, Lopez E, Gonzalez N, Patterson JS, Gaunt MW, de Arias AR, Miles MA, 2005. Origins of Chagas disease: Didelphis species are natural hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi I and armadillos hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi II, including hybrids. Int J Parasitol 35 :225–233.

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  • 4

    Diosque P, Padilla AM, Cimino RO, Cardozo RM, Negrette OS, Marco JD, Zacca R, Meza C, Juarez A, Rojo H, Rey R, Corrales RM, Nasser JR, Basombrio MA, 2004. Chagas disease in rural areas of Chaco Province, Argentina: epidemiologic survey in humans, reservoirs, and vectors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :590–593.

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  • 5

    Lee JH, Hassan H, Hill G, Cupp EW, Higazi TB, Mitchell CJ, Godsey MS Jr, Unnasch TR, 2002. Identification of mosquito avian-derived blood meals by polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplex analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :599–604.

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  • 6

    Fernandes O, Santos SS, Cupolillo E, Mendonca B, Derre R, Junqueira AC, Santos LC, Sturm NR, Naiff RD, Barret TV, Campbell DA, Coura JR, 2001. A mini-exon multiplex polymerase chain reaction to distinguish the major groups of Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli in the Brazilian Amazon. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :97–99.

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  • 7

    Wisnivesky-Colli C, Ruiz AM, Ledesma O, Gurtler RE, Lauricella M, Salomon DO, Solarz N, Segura EL, 1987. Home ecology of trypanosomiasis americana: feeding profile of Triatoma infestans in a rural area of the Santiago del Estero province, Argentina. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 20 :31–39.

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  • 8

    Christensen HA, Sousa OE, de Vasquez AM, 1988. Host feeding profiles of Triatoma dimidiata in peridomestic habitats of western Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38 :477–479.

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  • 9

    Noireau F, Brenière SF, Ordonez J, Cardozo L, Morochi W, Gutierrez T, Bosseno MF, Garcia S, Vargas F, Yaksic N, Dujardin JP, Peredo C, Wisnivesky-Colli C, 1997. Low probability of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to humans by domiciliary Triatoma sordida in Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :653–656.

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  • 10

    Brenière SF, Pietrokovsky S, Gastelum EM, Bosseno MF, Soto MM, Ouaissi A, Kasten FL, Wisnivesky-Colli C, 2004. Feeding patterns of Triatoma longipennis Usinger (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in peridomestic habitats of a rural community in Jalisco State, Mexico. J Med Entomol 41 :1015–1020.

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  • 11

    Boakye DA, Tang J, Truc P, Merriweather A, Unnasch TR, 1999. Identification of bloodmeals in haematophagous Diptera by cytochrome B heteroduplex analysis. Med Vet Entomol 13 :282–287.

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  • 12

    Njiokou F, Simo G, Mbida Mbida A, Truc P, Cuny G, Herder S, 2004. A study of host preference in tsetse flies using a modified heteroduplex PCR-based method. Acta Trop 91 :117–120.

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  • 13

    Bosseno MF, Barnabé C, Magallón Gastelúm E, Lozano Kasten F, Ramsey J, Espinoza B, Brenière SF, 2002. Predominance of Trypanosoma cruzi lineage I in Mexico. J Clin Microbiol 40 :627–632.

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