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1
Sehgal SC, 2000. Leptospirosis in the horizon. Natl Med J India 13 :228–230.
-
2
Anonymous, 2000. Leptospirosis in India—report of the investigation of a post-cyclone outbreak in Orissa, November 1999. Weekly Epidemiological Record 75 :217–223.
-
3
Ratnam S, 1994. Leptospirosis: an Indian perspective. Indian J Med Microbiol 12 :228–239.
-
4
Taylor J, Goyle AN, 1931. Leptospirosis in Andamans. Indian Medical Research Memoirs, Supplementary series to the Indian Journal of Medical Research. Indian J Med Res Memoir 20 :55–56.
-
5
Sehgal SC, Vijayachari P, Murhekar MV, Sugunan AP, Sharma S, Singh SS, 1999. Leptospiral infection among primitive tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Epidemiol Infect 121 :423–428.
-
6
Singh SS, Vijayachari P, Sinha A, Sugunan AP, Rasheed MA, Sehgal SC, 1999. Clinico-epidemiological study of severe cases of leptospirosis in Andamans. Indian J Med Res 109 :94–99.
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7
Faine S, Adler B, Bolin C, Perolat P, 1999. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. 2nd edition. Melbourne, Australia: Medsci.
-
8
Everard JD, Everard COR, 1993. Leptospirosis in Caribbean. Rev Med Microbiol 4 :114–122.
-
9
Vijayachari P, Sehgal SC, Marga G, Goris A, Terpstra WJ, Hartskeerl RA, 2000. Leptospira interrogans serovars valbuzzi: a cause of severe pulmonary haemorrhages in the Andaman islands. J Med Microbiol 5 :1–6.
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10
Boom R, Sol CJA, Salimans MMM, Jansen CL, Wertheimvan Dillen PME, van der Noordaa J, 1990. Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. J Clin Microbiol 28 :495–503.
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11
Ramadass P, Meerarani S, Venkatesha MD, Senthilkumar A, Nachimuthu K, 1997. Characterization of leptospiral serovars by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47 :575–576.
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12
Balakrishnan P, Rajendran P, Suresh Babu L, Ratnam S, Manjula S, Jeevanandam TE, Thiyagarajan SP, 1994. A seroepidemiological study of leptospirosis among high-risk population. Indian J Med Microbiol 12 :125–128.
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13
Zamora J, Riedemann S, Montecions MI, Cabezas X, 1990. Serological survey of human leptospirosis in high-risk population in Chile. Rev Med Chile 118 :247–252.
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14
Everard COR, Hayes RJ, Fraser-Chanpond GM, 1985. A serosurvey for leptospirosis in Trinidad among urban and rural dwellers and persons occupationally at risk. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79 :96–105.
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15
Sharma S, Vijayachari P, Sugunan AP, Sehgal SC, 2003. Leptospiral carrier state and seroprevalence among animal population—a cross-sectional sample survey in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Epedemiol Infect 131 :985–989.
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16
Natarajaseenivasan K, Boopalan M, Selvanayaki K, Raja Suresh S, Ratnam S, 2002. Leptospirosis among rice mill workers of Salem, South India. Jpn J Infect Dis 55 :170–173.
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| Abstract Views | 154 | 108 | 11 |
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SEROPREVALENCE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS AMONG HIGH-RISK POPULATION OF ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA
SAMEER SHARMA
SAMEER SHARMA
Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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PALURU VIJAYACHARI
PALURU VIJAYACHARI
Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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ATTAYOOR P. SUGUNAN
ATTAYOOR P. SUGUNAN
Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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KALIMUTHUSAMY NATARAJASEENIVASAN
KALIMUTHUSAMY NATARAJASEENIVASAN
Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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SUBHASH C. SEHGAL
SUBHASH C. SEHGAL
Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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Leptospirosis is a severe spirochetal zoonosis in the world. It is considered an occupational disease of persons engaged in agriculture, sewage works, forestry, and animal slaughtering. A study was conducted with an objective of assessing the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among the high-risk groups of Andaman Islands. A total of 611 sera samples from different high-risk populations were collected and tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Genetic characterization of the isolate was done by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting, and serological characterization was done using monoclonal antibody technique. Antibodies to leptospires were detected in 322 samples giving an overall seroprevalence of 52.7%. The seroprevalence was highest among agriculture workers (62.5%) followed by sewage workers (39.4%), animal handlers (37.5%), forest workers (27.3%), and butchers (30.0%). Seroprevalence among control population was 14.7%, which was comparatively less than that of the high-risk population groups. Subject sera were most commonly reacted with organisms of the serogroup Grippotyphosa followed by Australis, and the pattern was similar in control group. Four leptospires were isolated from agriculture workers who were admitted to the public health center (PHC) with complaints of fever and body ache. Human isolates were compared with two rodent (Rattus norvegicus) isolates from the same area of agriculture workers to get initial information about the transmission cycle of leptospirosis in the study community. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting pattern of the strains recovered from the rodents and human patients were identified as belonged to genomo-species Leptospira interrogans. The antigenic characterization of the strains recovered from them belonged to serovar Valbuzzi of serogroup Grippotyphosa. The study showed that people engaged in high-risk activities such as agriculture, sewage cleaning, animal handling, animal slaughtering, and forestry are frequently exposed to leptospirosis, and hence control strategies targeting these populations could be more effective.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Sehgal SC, 2000. Leptospirosis in the horizon. Natl Med J India 13 :228–230.
-
2
Anonymous, 2000. Leptospirosis in India—report of the investigation of a post-cyclone outbreak in Orissa, November 1999. Weekly Epidemiological Record 75 :217–223.
-
3
Ratnam S, 1994. Leptospirosis: an Indian perspective. Indian J Med Microbiol 12 :228–239.
-
4
Taylor J, Goyle AN, 1931. Leptospirosis in Andamans. Indian Medical Research Memoirs, Supplementary series to the Indian Journal of Medical Research. Indian J Med Res Memoir 20 :55–56.
-
5
Sehgal SC, Vijayachari P, Murhekar MV, Sugunan AP, Sharma S, Singh SS, 1999. Leptospiral infection among primitive tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Epidemiol Infect 121 :423–428.
-
6
Singh SS, Vijayachari P, Sinha A, Sugunan AP, Rasheed MA, Sehgal SC, 1999. Clinico-epidemiological study of severe cases of leptospirosis in Andamans. Indian J Med Res 109 :94–99.
-
7
Faine S, Adler B, Bolin C, Perolat P, 1999. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. 2nd edition. Melbourne, Australia: Medsci.
-
8
Everard JD, Everard COR, 1993. Leptospirosis in Caribbean. Rev Med Microbiol 4 :114–122.
-
9
Vijayachari P, Sehgal SC, Marga G, Goris A, Terpstra WJ, Hartskeerl RA, 2000. Leptospira interrogans serovars valbuzzi: a cause of severe pulmonary haemorrhages in the Andaman islands. J Med Microbiol 5 :1–6.
-
10
Boom R, Sol CJA, Salimans MMM, Jansen CL, Wertheimvan Dillen PME, van der Noordaa J, 1990. Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. J Clin Microbiol 28 :495–503.
-
11
Ramadass P, Meerarani S, Venkatesha MD, Senthilkumar A, Nachimuthu K, 1997. Characterization of leptospiral serovars by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47 :575–576.
-
12
Balakrishnan P, Rajendran P, Suresh Babu L, Ratnam S, Manjula S, Jeevanandam TE, Thiyagarajan SP, 1994. A seroepidemiological study of leptospirosis among high-risk population. Indian J Med Microbiol 12 :125–128.
-
13
Zamora J, Riedemann S, Montecions MI, Cabezas X, 1990. Serological survey of human leptospirosis in high-risk population in Chile. Rev Med Chile 118 :247–252.
-
14
Everard COR, Hayes RJ, Fraser-Chanpond GM, 1985. A serosurvey for leptospirosis in Trinidad among urban and rural dwellers and persons occupationally at risk. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79 :96–105.
-
15
Sharma S, Vijayachari P, Sugunan AP, Sehgal SC, 2003. Leptospiral carrier state and seroprevalence among animal population—a cross-sectional sample survey in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Epedemiol Infect 131 :985–989.
-
16
Natarajaseenivasan K, Boopalan M, Selvanayaki K, Raja Suresh S, Ratnam S, 2002. Leptospirosis among rice mill workers of Salem, South India. Jpn J Infect Dis 55 :170–173.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 154 | 108 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 350 | 4 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 110 | 6 | 1 |