COMPARING METHODS OF ESTIMATING THE GLOBAL MORBIDITY BURDEN FROM PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA

ROBERT W. SNOW Malaria Public Health & Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; TALA Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

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SIMON I. HAY Malaria Public Health & Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; TALA Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

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Author Notes

  • 1

    Carter R, Mendis K, 2006. Measuring malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :187–188.

  • 2

    Mendis K, Sina LJ, Marchensini P, Carter R, 2001. The neglected burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :97–106.

  • 3

    INDEPTH Network, 2002. Population and Health in Developing Countries: Volume 1 Population, Health and Survival at INDEPTH Sites. Ottawa Canada: International Development Research Centre.

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    Oum S, Chandramohan D, Cairncross S, 2005. Community-based surveillance: a pilot study from rural Cambodia. Trop Med Int Health 10 :689–697.

  • 5

    World Health Organization, 2005. World Malaria Report. Available at http://rbm.who.int/wmr2005.

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  • 6

    Snow RW, Marsh K, 2002. The consequences of reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Africa. Adv Parasitol 52 :235–264.

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    Smith T, Killeen G, Lengeler C, Tanner M, 2004. Relationships between the outcome of Plasmodium falciparum infection and the intensity of transmission in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (suppl 2), 80–86.

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  • 8

    Alles HK, Mendis KN, Carter R, 1998. Malaria mortality rates in South Asia and in Africa: implications for malaria control. Parasitol Today 14 :369–375.

  • 9

    Mayfong M, Pukrittayakamee S, Newton PN, White NJ, 2004. Mixed species malaria infections in humans. Trends Parasitol 20 :233–240.

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    Maitland K, Williams TN, Newbold CI, 1997. Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum: biological interactions and the possibility of cross-species immunity. Parasitol Today 13 :227–231.

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  • 11

    Genton B, Al-Yaman F, Beck HP, Hii BJ, Mellor S, Rare L, Ginny M, Smith T, Alpers MP, 1995. The epidemiology of malaria in the Wosera area, east Sepik province, Papua New Guinea, in preparation for vaccine trials. II. Mortality and morbidity. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 89 :377–390.

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  • 12

    Maitland K, Williams TN, Peto TEA, Day KP, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ, Bowden DK, 1997. Absence of malaria-specific mortality in children in an area of hyperendemic malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91 :562–566.

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  • 13

    Hay SI, Guerra CA, Tatem AJ, Noor AM, Snow RW, 2004. The global distribution and population at risk of malaria: past, present and future. Lancet Infect Dis 4 :327–336.

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  • 14

    Snow RW, Guerra GA, Noor AM, Myint HL, Hay SI, 2005. The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nature 434 :214–217.

  • 15

    World Health Organization, 1999. The World Health Report 1999: Making a Difference. Geneva: World Health Organization

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  • 16

    Snow RW, Craig MH, Deichmann U, Marsh K, 1999. Estimating mortality, morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa’s non-pregnant population. Bull World Health Organ 77 :624–640.

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  • 17

    Murray CJ, Lopez AD, Wibulpolprasert S, 2004. Monitoring global health: time for new solutions. BMJ 329 :1096–1100.

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