ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1
Crump JA, Youssef FG, Luby SP, Wasfy MO, Rangel JM, Taalat M, Oun SA, Mahoney FJ, 2003. Estimating the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :539–544.
-
2
Archibald LK, Reller LB, 2001. Clinical microbiology in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :302–305.
-
3
Guerin PJ, Olliaro P, Nosten F, Druilhe P, Laxminarayan R, Binka F, Kilama WL, Ford N, White NJ, 2002. Malaria: current status of control, diagnosis, treatment, and a proposed agenda for research and development. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :564–573.
-
4
Ssali FN, Kamya MR, Wabwire-Mangen F, Kasasa S, Joloba M, Williams D, Mugerwa RD, Ellner JJ, Johnson JL, 1998. A prospective study of community-acquired bloodstream infections among febrile adults admitted to Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 19 :484–489.
-
5
Archibald LK, McDonald LC, Rheanpumikankit S, Tan-suphaswadikul S, Chaovanich A, Eampokalap B, Banerjee SN, Reller LB, Jarvis WR, 1999. Fever and human immunodeficiency virus infection as sentinels for emerging mycobacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients ≥15 years old, Bangkok. J Infect Dis 180 :87–92.
-
6
Archibald LK, McDonald LC, Nwanyanwu O, Kazembe P, Dobbie H, Tokars J, Reller LB, Jarvis WR, 2000. A hospital-based prevalence survey of bloodstream infections in febrile patients in Malawi: implications for diagnosis and therapy. J Infect Dis 181 :1414–1420.
-
7
Bell M, Archibald LK, Nwanyanwu O, Dobbie H, Tokars J, Kazembe PN, Reller LB, Jarvis WR, 2001. Seasonal variation in the etiology of bloodstream infections in a febrile inpatient population in a developing country. Int J Infect Dis 5 :63–69.
-
8
Anderson KE, Joseph SW, Nasution R, Sunoto, Butler T, Van Peenen PF, Irving GS, Saroso JS, Watten RH, 1976. Febrile illnesses resulting in hospital admission: a bacteriological and serological study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :116–121.
-
9
Murdoch DR, Woods CW, Zimmerman MD, Dull PM, Belbase RH, Keenan AJ, Scott RM, Basnyat B, Archibald LK, Reller LB, 2004. The etiology of febrile illness in adults presenting to Patan hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :670–675.
-
10
Leelarasamee A, Chupaprawan C, Chenchittikul M, Udompanthurat S, 2004. Etiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 87 :464–472.
-
11
Pradutkanchana J, Pradutkanchana S, Kemapanmanus M, Wuthipum N, Silpapojakul K, 2003. The etiology of acute pyrexia of unknown origin in children after a flood. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 34 :175–178.
-
12
Innis BL, Nisalak A, Nimmannitya S, Kusalerdchariya S, Chongswasdi V, Suntayakorn S, Puttisri P, Hoke CH, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to characterize dengue infections where dengue and Japanese encephalitis co-circulate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 40 :418–427.
-
13
Lanciotti RS, Calisher CH, Gubler DJ, Chang G, Vorndam AV, 1992. Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30 :545–551.
-
14
Parola P, Miller RS, McDaniel P, Telford SR 3rd, Rolain JM, Wongsrichanalai C, Raoult D, 2003. Emerging rickettsioses of the Thai-Myanmar border. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :592–595.
-
15
World Health Organization Recommended Surveillance Standards. Second edition. WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2.
-
16
Levett PN, 2001. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14 :296–326.
-
17
Laras K, Cao VC, Bounlu K, Nguyen TKT, Olson JG, Thongchanh S, Tran NVA, Hoang KL, Punjabi N, Khiem HB, Ung SA, Insisiengmay S, Watts DM, Beecham HJ, Corwin AL, 2002. The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :278–286.
-
18
Tangkanakul W, Smits HL, Jatanasen S, Ashford DA, 2005. Leptospirosis: an emerging health problem in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36 :281–288.
-
19
Sejvar J, Rangkanakul W, Ratanasang P, Dowell SF, Sangjun N, Bragg S, Ashford D, Tappero J, 2005. An outbreak of leptospirosis, Thailand – the importance of the laboratory. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36 :289–295.
-
20
LaRocque RC, Breiman RF, Ari MD, Morey RE, Janan FA, Hayes JM, Hossain JA, Brooks WA, Levett PN, 2005. Leptospirosis during dengue outbreak, Bangladesh. Emerg Inf Dis 11 :766–769.
-
21
Watt G, Parola P, 2003. Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses. Curr Opin Infect Dis 16 :429–436.
-
22
Sirisanthana T, Pinyopornpanit V, Sirisanthana V, Strickman D, Kelly DJ, Dasch GA, 1994. First cases of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :682–686.
-
23
Parry CM, Tran TH, Dougan G, White NJ, Farrar JJ, 2002. Typhoid fever. N Engl J Med 347 :1770–1782.
-
24
Walsh AL, Wuthiekanun V, 1996. The laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis. Br J Biomed Sci 53 :249–253.
-
25
Zysk G, Splettstosser WD, Neubauer H, 2000. A review on melioidosis with special respect on molecular and immunological diagnostic techniques. Clin Lab 46 :119–130.
-
27
LaScola B, Raoult D, 1997. Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses: current approaches to diagnosis of old and new rickettsial diseases. J Clin Microbiol 35 :2715–2727.
-
28
Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Solomon T, Kalayanarooj S, Nguyen MD, Kneen R, Cuzzubbo A, Devine PL, 1999. Rapid serologic diagnosis of dengue virus infection using a commercial capture ELISA that distinguishes primary and secondary infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :693–698.
-
29
Wongsrichanalai C, Murray CK, Gray M, Miller RS, McDaniel P, Liao WJ, Pickard AL, Magill AJ, 2003. Co-infection with malaria and leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :583–585.
-
30
Stevenson MM, 1989. Malaria: Host Responses to Infection. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 19–21.
-
31
Ghosh K, Javeri KN, Mohanty D, Parmar BD, Surati RR, Joshi SH, 2001. False-positive serological tests in acute malaria. Br J Biomed Sci 58 :20–23.
-
32
Watt G, Jongsakul K, Suttinont C, 2003. Possible scrub typhus coinfections in Thai agricultural workers hospitalized with leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :89–91.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 426 | 391 | 49 |
| Full Text Views | 338 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 128 | 11 | 1 |
CAUSES OF FEVER IN ADULTS ON THE THAI-MYANMAR BORDER
RUTH D. ELLIS
RUTH D. ELLIS
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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MARK M. FUKUDA
MARK M. FUKUDA
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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PHILIP MCDANIEL
PHILIP MCDANIEL
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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KATHERINE WELCH
KATHERINE WELCH
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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ANANDA NISALAK
ANANDA NISALAK
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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CLINTON K. MURRAY
CLINTON K. MURRAY
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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MICHAEL R. GRAY
MICHAEL R. GRAY
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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NICHAPAT UTHAIMONGKOL
NICHAPAT UTHAIMONGKOL
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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NILLAWAN BUATHONG
NILLAWAN BUATHONG
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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SABAITHIP SRIWICHAI
SABAITHIP SRIWICHAI
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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RUNGNAPHA PHASUK
RUNGNAPHA PHASUK
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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KRITSANAI YINGYUEN
KRITSANAI YINGYUEN
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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CHAIYAWAT MATHAVARAT
CHAIYAWAT MATHAVARAT
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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ROBERT S. MILLER
ROBERT S. MILLER
Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand; Kwai River Christian Hospital, Sangkhlaburi, Thailand; Brooke Army Medical Center and VETCOM Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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A hospital-based study was conducted along the Thai-Myanmar border to provide greater knowledge of the causes of febrile illness and to determine what zoonotic and vector-borne emerging infectious diseases might be present. A total of 613 adults were enrolled from June 1999 to March 2002. Cases were classified based on clinical findings and laboratory results. An etiologic diagnosis was made for 48% of subjects. Malaria was the most common diagnosis, accounting for 25% of subjects, with two-thirds Plasmodium falciparum. Serologic evidence for leptospirosis was found in 17% of subjects. Other etiologic diagnoses included rickettsial infections, dengue fever, and typhoid. The most frequent clinical diagnoses were nonspecific febrile illness, respiratory infections, and gastroenteritis. Clinical associations were generally not predictive of etiologic diagnosis. Apparent dual diagnoses were common, particularly for malaria and leptospirosis. Findings have been used to modify treatment of unspecified febrile illness in the area.
Author Notes
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-
1
Crump JA, Youssef FG, Luby SP, Wasfy MO, Rangel JM, Taalat M, Oun SA, Mahoney FJ, 2003. Estimating the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :539–544.
-
2
Archibald LK, Reller LB, 2001. Clinical microbiology in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :302–305.
-
3
Guerin PJ, Olliaro P, Nosten F, Druilhe P, Laxminarayan R, Binka F, Kilama WL, Ford N, White NJ, 2002. Malaria: current status of control, diagnosis, treatment, and a proposed agenda for research and development. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :564–573.
-
4
Ssali FN, Kamya MR, Wabwire-Mangen F, Kasasa S, Joloba M, Williams D, Mugerwa RD, Ellner JJ, Johnson JL, 1998. A prospective study of community-acquired bloodstream infections among febrile adults admitted to Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 19 :484–489.
-
5
Archibald LK, McDonald LC, Rheanpumikankit S, Tan-suphaswadikul S, Chaovanich A, Eampokalap B, Banerjee SN, Reller LB, Jarvis WR, 1999. Fever and human immunodeficiency virus infection as sentinels for emerging mycobacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients ≥15 years old, Bangkok. J Infect Dis 180 :87–92.
-
6
Archibald LK, McDonald LC, Nwanyanwu O, Kazembe P, Dobbie H, Tokars J, Reller LB, Jarvis WR, 2000. A hospital-based prevalence survey of bloodstream infections in febrile patients in Malawi: implications for diagnosis and therapy. J Infect Dis 181 :1414–1420.
-
7
Bell M, Archibald LK, Nwanyanwu O, Dobbie H, Tokars J, Kazembe PN, Reller LB, Jarvis WR, 2001. Seasonal variation in the etiology of bloodstream infections in a febrile inpatient population in a developing country. Int J Infect Dis 5 :63–69.
-
8
Anderson KE, Joseph SW, Nasution R, Sunoto, Butler T, Van Peenen PF, Irving GS, Saroso JS, Watten RH, 1976. Febrile illnesses resulting in hospital admission: a bacteriological and serological study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :116–121.
-
9
Murdoch DR, Woods CW, Zimmerman MD, Dull PM, Belbase RH, Keenan AJ, Scott RM, Basnyat B, Archibald LK, Reller LB, 2004. The etiology of febrile illness in adults presenting to Patan hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :670–675.
-
10
Leelarasamee A, Chupaprawan C, Chenchittikul M, Udompanthurat S, 2004. Etiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 87 :464–472.
-
11
Pradutkanchana J, Pradutkanchana S, Kemapanmanus M, Wuthipum N, Silpapojakul K, 2003. The etiology of acute pyrexia of unknown origin in children after a flood. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 34 :175–178.
-
12
Innis BL, Nisalak A, Nimmannitya S, Kusalerdchariya S, Chongswasdi V, Suntayakorn S, Puttisri P, Hoke CH, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to characterize dengue infections where dengue and Japanese encephalitis co-circulate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 40 :418–427.
-
13
Lanciotti RS, Calisher CH, Gubler DJ, Chang G, Vorndam AV, 1992. Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30 :545–551.
-
14
Parola P, Miller RS, McDaniel P, Telford SR 3rd, Rolain JM, Wongsrichanalai C, Raoult D, 2003. Emerging rickettsioses of the Thai-Myanmar border. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :592–595.
-
15
World Health Organization Recommended Surveillance Standards. Second edition. WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2.
-
16
Levett PN, 2001. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14 :296–326.
-
17
Laras K, Cao VC, Bounlu K, Nguyen TKT, Olson JG, Thongchanh S, Tran NVA, Hoang KL, Punjabi N, Khiem HB, Ung SA, Insisiengmay S, Watts DM, Beecham HJ, Corwin AL, 2002. The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :278–286.
-
18
Tangkanakul W, Smits HL, Jatanasen S, Ashford DA, 2005. Leptospirosis: an emerging health problem in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36 :281–288.
-
19
Sejvar J, Rangkanakul W, Ratanasang P, Dowell SF, Sangjun N, Bragg S, Ashford D, Tappero J, 2005. An outbreak of leptospirosis, Thailand – the importance of the laboratory. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36 :289–295.
-
20
LaRocque RC, Breiman RF, Ari MD, Morey RE, Janan FA, Hayes JM, Hossain JA, Brooks WA, Levett PN, 2005. Leptospirosis during dengue outbreak, Bangladesh. Emerg Inf Dis 11 :766–769.
-
21
Watt G, Parola P, 2003. Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses. Curr Opin Infect Dis 16 :429–436.
-
22
Sirisanthana T, Pinyopornpanit V, Sirisanthana V, Strickman D, Kelly DJ, Dasch GA, 1994. First cases of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50 :682–686.
-
23
Parry CM, Tran TH, Dougan G, White NJ, Farrar JJ, 2002. Typhoid fever. N Engl J Med 347 :1770–1782.
-
24
Walsh AL, Wuthiekanun V, 1996. The laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis. Br J Biomed Sci 53 :249–253.
-
25
Zysk G, Splettstosser WD, Neubauer H, 2000. A review on melioidosis with special respect on molecular and immunological diagnostic techniques. Clin Lab 46 :119–130.
-
27
LaScola B, Raoult D, 1997. Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses: current approaches to diagnosis of old and new rickettsial diseases. J Clin Microbiol 35 :2715–2727.
-
28
Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Solomon T, Kalayanarooj S, Nguyen MD, Kneen R, Cuzzubbo A, Devine PL, 1999. Rapid serologic diagnosis of dengue virus infection using a commercial capture ELISA that distinguishes primary and secondary infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :693–698.
-
29
Wongsrichanalai C, Murray CK, Gray M, Miller RS, McDaniel P, Liao WJ, Pickard AL, Magill AJ, 2003. Co-infection with malaria and leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :583–585.
-
30
Stevenson MM, 1989. Malaria: Host Responses to Infection. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 19–21.
-
31
Ghosh K, Javeri KN, Mohanty D, Parmar BD, Surati RR, Joshi SH, 2001. False-positive serological tests in acute malaria. Br J Biomed Sci 58 :20–23.
-
32
Watt G, Jongsakul K, Suttinont C, 2003. Possible scrub typhus coinfections in Thai agricultural workers hospitalized with leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :89–91.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 426 | 391 | 49 |
| Full Text Views | 338 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 128 | 11 | 1 |