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Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies Against California and Bunyamwera Serogroup Viruses in Deer from Mountainous Areas of California
Grant L. Campbell
Grant L. Campbell
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Department of Entomology, University of California, Department of Fish and Game, State of California, Berkeley, California
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Bruce F. Eldridge
Bruce F. Eldridge
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Department of Entomology, University of California, Department of Fish and Game, State of California, Berkeley, California
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James L. Hardy
James L. Hardy
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Department of Entomology, University of California, Department of Fish and Game, State of California, Berkeley, California
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William C. Reeves
William C. Reeves
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Department of Entomology, University of California, Department of Fish and Game, State of California, Berkeley, California
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David A. Jessup
David A. Jessup
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Department of Entomology, University of California, Department of Fish and Game, State of California, Berkeley, California
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Sally B. Presser
Sally B. Presser
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Department of Entomology, University of California, Department of Fish and Game, State of California, Berkeley, California
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Plaque reduction-serum dilution neutralization was used to evaluate the status of bunyavirus activity in deer in mountainous areas of California. Antibodies against 9 bunyaviruses were measured in 337 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus heminous, O. hemionus californicus, and O. hemionus inyoensis) and black-tailed deer (O. hemionus columbianus). More deer from high mountainous areas had neutralizing antibodies against Jamestown Canyon virus than did deer from low mountainous areas (23% vs. 9%; P < 0.01). This finding is consistent with transmission by snow pool Aedes mosquitoes. Results for Jerry Slough virus were nearly identical to those for Jamestown Canyon virus, which is further evidence that these are strains of the same virus. Neutralizing antibodies against Northway virus were present in 26% of deer from high mountainous areas and 23% of deer from low mountainous areas, suggesting the involvement of a widespread vector, such as Culiseta inornata. Northway virus is not known to occur outside of Alaska and northwestern Canada. Low prevalences of antibodies were detected in deer to California encephalitis, La Crosse, and snowshoe hare viruses of the California serogroup; and Cache Valley, Lokern, and Main Drain viruses of the Bunyamwera serogroup.
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