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1.
Joslin J, Biondich A, Walker K, Zanghi N, 2017. A comprehensive review of hirudiniasis: From historic uses of leeches to modern treatments of their bites. Wilderness Environ Med 28: 355–361.
-
2.
Montazeri F, Bedayat A, Jamali L, Salehian M, Montazeri G, 2009. Leech endoparasitism: Report of a case and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 168: 39–42.
-
3.
Dutta S, Saha S, Pal S, 2016. Epistaxis due to leech infestation in nose: A report of six cases and review of literature. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 68: 42–45.
-
4.
Ali SR, Mehta AC, 2017. Alive in the airways: Live endobronchial foreign bodies. Chest 151: 481–491.
-
5.
Mahmoudi M, Nasr S, Khsiba A, Medhioub M, Hamzaoui L, Azzouz MM, 2022. Esophageal hirudiniasis: An unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Future Sci OA 8: FSO802.
-
6.
Mansoor SN, Anwar Z, Sheen SN, 2016. Reach the leech: An unusual cause of hematuria. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 26: 156–157.
-
7.
Karunaratne AH, Wijerathne BT, Wickramasinghe RS, Wijesinghe AK, Liyanage AS, 2015. A rare case of vaginal bleeding in a child due to a leech bite and review of the literature. Wilderness Environ Med 26: 579–584.
-
8.
Li D, Sun D, 2022. Bronchoscopic removal of a leech from the trachea by cryotherapy. Clin Respir J 16: 581–583.
-
9.
Zhang P, Zhang R, Zou J, Zhu T, 2014. A rare case report of tracheal leech infestation in a 40-year-old woman. Int J Clin Exp Med 7: 3599–3601.
-
10.
Moslehi MA, Imanieh MH, Adib A, 2016. Bronchial leech infestation in a 15-year-old female. Case Rep Pediatr 2016: 2372686.
-
11.
Kvist S, Min GS, Siddall ME, 2013. Diversity and selective pressures of anticoagulants in three medicinal leeches (Hirudinida: Hirudinidae, Macrobdellidae). Ecol Evol 3: 918–933.
-
12.
White TC, Berny MA, Robinson DK, Yin H, DeGrado WF, Hanson SR, McCarty OJ, 2007. The leech product saratin is a potent inhibitor of platelet integrin alpha2beta1 and von Willebrand factor binding to collagen. FEBS J 274: 1481–1491.
-
13.
Sig AK, Guney M, Uskudar Guclu A, Ozmen E, 2017. Medicinal leech therapy—An overall perspective. Integr Med Res 6: 337–343.
-
14.
Hildebrandt JP, Lemke S, 2011. Small bite, large impact—Saliva and salivary molecules in the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Naturwissenschaften 98: 995–1008.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 404 | 404 | 64 |
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Tracheal Hirudiniasis Induced by Ingestion of Unboiled Mountain Spring Water
Lei Ni
Lei Ni
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Yunnan, China;
Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Yunnan, China;
Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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Yun Ce Chen
Yun Ce Chen
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Yunnan, China;
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Shan Zhong
Shan Zhong
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Zi Xuan Hua
Zi Xuan Hua
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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Qing Yun Li
liqingyun68@hotmail.com
Qing Yun Li
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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ABSTRACT.
Leeches, which are bloodsucking annelids widely distributed in natural environments globally, can cause hirudiniasis when they invade the human body. The most common site of infestation in humans is the nasopharynx, although they can also infiltrate less common sites, such as the trachea, esophagus, and urinary and reproductive tracts. We present the case of a 47-year-old male patient with a persistent cough for 2 months associated with hemoptysis and intermittent hoarseness for 1 month. Nasopharyngoscopy revealed an actively moving worm located above the vocal cords. Subsequently, under intravenous anesthesia, we removed the live worm through bronchoscopy, and it was identified as a leech. In areas where hirudiniasis is endemic, the possibility of tracheal leech infestation should be considered in patients presenting with chronic cough, hemoptysis, and hoarseness. Furthermore, it is crucial to take necessary precautions during outdoor activities to prevent the occurrence of hirudiniasis.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by the
Current contact information: Lei Ni, Zi Xuan Hua, and Qing Yun Li, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, E-mails: nlqx1116@163.com, huazixuan1110@163.com, and liqingyun68@hotmail.com. Yun Ce Chen, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Yunnan, China, E-mail: 2317345878@qq.com. Shan Zhong, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China, E-mail: 120803824@qq.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Joslin J, Biondich A, Walker K, Zanghi N, 2017. A comprehensive review of hirudiniasis: From historic uses of leeches to modern treatments of their bites. Wilderness Environ Med 28: 355–361.
-
2.
Montazeri F, Bedayat A, Jamali L, Salehian M, Montazeri G, 2009. Leech endoparasitism: Report of a case and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 168: 39–42.
-
3.
Dutta S, Saha S, Pal S, 2016. Epistaxis due to leech infestation in nose: A report of six cases and review of literature. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 68: 42–45.
-
4.
Ali SR, Mehta AC, 2017. Alive in the airways: Live endobronchial foreign bodies. Chest 151: 481–491.
-
5.
Mahmoudi M, Nasr S, Khsiba A, Medhioub M, Hamzaoui L, Azzouz MM, 2022. Esophageal hirudiniasis: An unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Future Sci OA 8: FSO802.
-
6.
Mansoor SN, Anwar Z, Sheen SN, 2016. Reach the leech: An unusual cause of hematuria. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 26: 156–157.
-
7.
Karunaratne AH, Wijerathne BT, Wickramasinghe RS, Wijesinghe AK, Liyanage AS, 2015. A rare case of vaginal bleeding in a child due to a leech bite and review of the literature. Wilderness Environ Med 26: 579–584.
-
8.
Li D, Sun D, 2022. Bronchoscopic removal of a leech from the trachea by cryotherapy. Clin Respir J 16: 581–583.
-
9.
Zhang P, Zhang R, Zou J, Zhu T, 2014. A rare case report of tracheal leech infestation in a 40-year-old woman. Int J Clin Exp Med 7: 3599–3601.
-
10.
Moslehi MA, Imanieh MH, Adib A, 2016. Bronchial leech infestation in a 15-year-old female. Case Rep Pediatr 2016: 2372686.
-
11.
Kvist S, Min GS, Siddall ME, 2013. Diversity and selective pressures of anticoagulants in three medicinal leeches (Hirudinida: Hirudinidae, Macrobdellidae). Ecol Evol 3: 918–933.
-
12.
White TC, Berny MA, Robinson DK, Yin H, DeGrado WF, Hanson SR, McCarty OJ, 2007. The leech product saratin is a potent inhibitor of platelet integrin alpha2beta1 and von Willebrand factor binding to collagen. FEBS J 274: 1481–1491.
-
13.
Sig AK, Guney M, Uskudar Guclu A, Ozmen E, 2017. Medicinal leech therapy—An overall perspective. Integr Med Res 6: 337–343.
-
14.
Hildebrandt JP, Lemke S, 2011. Small bite, large impact—Saliva and salivary molecules in the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Naturwissenschaften 98: 995–1008.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 404 | 404 | 64 |
| Full Text Views | 25 | 25 | 9 |
| PDF Downloads | 28 | 28 | 9 |