ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Budke CM, 2006. Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 296–303.
-
2.
Auer H, Aspöck H, 2002. Die zystische und die alveoläre Echinokokkose–die gefählichsten Helminthosen Mitteleuropas. Denisia 6: 333–353.
-
3.
Auer H, Aspöck H, 2001. Human alveolar echinococcosis in Austria: the recent epidemiological situation. Helminthologia 38: 3–14.
-
4.
Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U, 2006. The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. Parasitol Int 55 (Suppl): S187–S191.
-
5.
Nakao M, McManus DP, Schantz PM, Craig PS, Ito A, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Parasitology 134: 713–722.
-
6.
Schneider R, Gollackner B, Edel B, Schmid K, Wrba F, Tucek G, Walochnik J, Auer H, 2008. Development of a new PCR protocol for the detection of species and genotypes (strains) of Echinococcus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Int J Parasitol 38: 1065–1071.
-
7.
World Health Organization Informal Working Group, 2003. International classification of ultrasound images in cystic echinococcosis for application in clinical and field epidemiological settings. Acta Trop 85: 253–261.
-
8.
Bowles J, McManus DP, 1993. NADH dehydrogenase 1 gene sequences compared for species and strains of the genus Echinococcus. Int J Parasitol 23: 969–972.
-
9.
Pawlowski Z, Stefaniak J, 2003. The pig strain of Echinococcus granulosus in humans: a neglected issue? Trends Parasitol 19: 439.
-
10.
Turcekova L, Snabel V, D'Amelio S, Busi M, Dubinsky P, 2003. Morphological and genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in the Slovak Republic. Acta Trop 85: 223–229.
-
11.
Eckert J, Deplazes P, 2004. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev 17: 107–135.
-
12.
Gonzalez LM, Daniel-Mwambete K, Montero E, Rosenzvit MC, McManus DP, Garate T, Cuesta-Bandera C, 2002. Further molecular discrimination of Spanish strains of Echinococcus granulosus. Exp Parasitol 102: 46–56.
-
13.
Villalobos N, Gonzalez LM, Morales J, de Aluja AS, Jimenez MI, Blanco MA, Harrison LJ, Parkhouse RM, Garate T, 2007. Molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes (G1 and G7) isolated from pigs in Mexico. Vet Parasitol 147: 185–189.
-
14.
Obwaller A, Schneider R, Walochnik J, Gollackner B, Deutz A, Janitschke K, Aspock H, Auer H, 2004. Echinococcus granulosus strain differentiation based on sequence heterogeneity in mitochondrial genes of cytochrome c oxidase-1 and NADH dehydrogenase-1. Parasitology 128: 569–575.
-
15.
Logar J, Soba B, Kotar T, 2008. Serological evidence for human cystic echinococcosis in Slovenia. BMC Infect Dis 8: 63.
-
16.
Schantz PM, 2005. The burden of echinococcosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 1.
-
17.
Altintas N, 2003. Past to present: echinococcosis in Turkey. Acta Trop 85: 105–112.
-
18.
Gollackner B, Langle F, Auer H, Maier A, Mittlbock M, Agstner I, Karner J, Langer F, Aspock H, Loidolt H, Rockenschaub S, Steininger R, 2000. Radical surgical therapy of abdominal cystic hydatid disease: factors of recurrence. World J Surg 24: 717–721.
-
19.
Todorov T, Boeva V, 1999. Human echinococcosis in Bulgaria: a comparative epidemiological analysis. Bull World Health Organ 77: 110–118.
-
20.
Torgerson PR, Karaeva RR, Corkeri N, Abdyjaparov TA, Kuttubaev OT, Shaikenov BS, 2003. Human cystic echinococcosis in Kyrgystan: an epidemiological study. Acta Trop 85: 51–61.
-
21.
Jenkins DJ, Romig T, Thompson RC, 2005. Emergence/re-emergence of Echinococcus spp.–a global update. Int J Parasitol 35: 1205–1219.
-
22.
Dinkel A, Njoroge EM, Zimmermann A, Walz M, Zeyhle E, Elmahdi IE, Mackenstedt U, Romig T, 2004. A PCR system for detection of species and genotypes of the Echinococcus granulosus-complex, with reference to the epidemiological situation in eastern Africa. Int J Parasitol 34: 645–653.
-
23.
Naidich A, McManus DP, Canova SG, Gutierrez AM, Zhang W, Guarnera EA, Rosenzvit MC, 2006. Patent and pre-patent detection of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in the definitive host. Mol Cell Probes 20: 5–10.
-
24.
Thompson RC, McManus DP, 2002. Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus Echinococcus. Trends Parasitol 18: 452–457.
-
25.
Craig PS, McManus DP, Lightowlers MW, Chabalgoity JA, Garcia HH, Gavidia CM, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Lorca M, Naquira C, Nieto A, Schantz PM, 2007. Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 385–394.
-
26.
Chow C, Gauci CG, Vural G, Jenkins DJ, Heath DD, Rosenzvit MC, Harandi MF, Lightowlers MW, 2008. Echinococcus granulosus: variability of the host-protective EG95 vaccine antigen in G6 and G7 genotypic variants. Exp Parasitol 119: 499–505.
-
27.
Lightowlers MW, Lawrence SB, Gauci CG, Young J, Ralston MJ, Maas D, Health DD, 1996. Vaccination against hydatidosis using a defined recombinant antigen. Parasite Immunol 18: 457–462.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 336 | 268 | 33 |
| Full Text Views | 763 | 7 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 167 | 6 | 1 |
Echinococcus canadensis G7 (Pig Strain): An Underestimated Cause of Cystic Echinococcosis in Austria
Renate Schneider
Renate Schneider
Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University Clinic of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Pathological-bacteriological Institute, Kaiser Franz Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria
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Bernd Gollackner
Bernd Gollackner
Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University Clinic of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Pathological-bacteriological Institute, Kaiser Franz Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria
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Martin Schindl
Martin Schindl
Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University Clinic of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Pathological-bacteriological Institute, Kaiser Franz Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria
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Gerhard Tucek
Gerhard Tucek
Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University Clinic of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Pathological-bacteriological Institute, Kaiser Franz Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria
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Herbert Auer
Herbert Auer
Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University Clinic of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Pathological-bacteriological Institute, Kaiser Franz Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria
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Anamnesis data of 104 patients with Cystic Echinococcosis were correlated retrospectively with the detected species/strain of Echinococcus. Ninety-two percent (N = 23) of autochthonous Austrian and 33% (N = 9) of patients with former Yugoslavian (YU) origin were infected with E. canadensis G7, the pig strain. All patients originating from Turkey harbored E. granulosus G1, the sheep strain. All E. canadensis G7-infected patients showed small liver cysts (ø 5.9 cm), only one of them an additional lung cyst. The median age at the time of operation of the Austrian patients was 55 years, of the Turkish patients 30 years, and of the former YU patients 23 years in the E. canadensis and 42 years in the E. granulosus-infected patients, respectively. The unexpected high number of E. canadensis G7-infected patients and the immigrants' young age show the importance of E. canadensis as a cause of human Cystic Echinococcosis in Central Europe and accordingly this new species has to be included into future echinococcosis control programs.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Renate Schneider and Herbert Auer, Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria, E-mail: Herbert.auer@meduniwien.ac.at. Bernd Gollackner and Martin Schindl, University Clinic of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Gerhard Tucek, Pathological-bacteriological Institute, Kaiser Franz Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Budke CM, 2006. Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 296–303.
-
2.
Auer H, Aspöck H, 2002. Die zystische und die alveoläre Echinokokkose–die gefählichsten Helminthosen Mitteleuropas. Denisia 6: 333–353.
-
3.
Auer H, Aspöck H, 2001. Human alveolar echinococcosis in Austria: the recent epidemiological situation. Helminthologia 38: 3–14.
-
4.
Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U, 2006. The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. Parasitol Int 55 (Suppl): S187–S191.
-
5.
Nakao M, McManus DP, Schantz PM, Craig PS, Ito A, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Parasitology 134: 713–722.
-
6.
Schneider R, Gollackner B, Edel B, Schmid K, Wrba F, Tucek G, Walochnik J, Auer H, 2008. Development of a new PCR protocol for the detection of species and genotypes (strains) of Echinococcus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Int J Parasitol 38: 1065–1071.
-
7.
World Health Organization Informal Working Group, 2003. International classification of ultrasound images in cystic echinococcosis for application in clinical and field epidemiological settings. Acta Trop 85: 253–261.
-
8.
Bowles J, McManus DP, 1993. NADH dehydrogenase 1 gene sequences compared for species and strains of the genus Echinococcus. Int J Parasitol 23: 969–972.
-
9.
Pawlowski Z, Stefaniak J, 2003. The pig strain of Echinococcus granulosus in humans: a neglected issue? Trends Parasitol 19: 439.
-
10.
Turcekova L, Snabel V, D'Amelio S, Busi M, Dubinsky P, 2003. Morphological and genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in the Slovak Republic. Acta Trop 85: 223–229.
-
11.
Eckert J, Deplazes P, 2004. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev 17: 107–135.
-
12.
Gonzalez LM, Daniel-Mwambete K, Montero E, Rosenzvit MC, McManus DP, Garate T, Cuesta-Bandera C, 2002. Further molecular discrimination of Spanish strains of Echinococcus granulosus. Exp Parasitol 102: 46–56.
-
13.
Villalobos N, Gonzalez LM, Morales J, de Aluja AS, Jimenez MI, Blanco MA, Harrison LJ, Parkhouse RM, Garate T, 2007. Molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes (G1 and G7) isolated from pigs in Mexico. Vet Parasitol 147: 185–189.
-
14.
Obwaller A, Schneider R, Walochnik J, Gollackner B, Deutz A, Janitschke K, Aspock H, Auer H, 2004. Echinococcus granulosus strain differentiation based on sequence heterogeneity in mitochondrial genes of cytochrome c oxidase-1 and NADH dehydrogenase-1. Parasitology 128: 569–575.
-
15.
Logar J, Soba B, Kotar T, 2008. Serological evidence for human cystic echinococcosis in Slovenia. BMC Infect Dis 8: 63.
-
16.
Schantz PM, 2005. The burden of echinococcosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 1.
-
17.
Altintas N, 2003. Past to present: echinococcosis in Turkey. Acta Trop 85: 105–112.
-
18.
Gollackner B, Langle F, Auer H, Maier A, Mittlbock M, Agstner I, Karner J, Langer F, Aspock H, Loidolt H, Rockenschaub S, Steininger R, 2000. Radical surgical therapy of abdominal cystic hydatid disease: factors of recurrence. World J Surg 24: 717–721.
-
19.
Todorov T, Boeva V, 1999. Human echinococcosis in Bulgaria: a comparative epidemiological analysis. Bull World Health Organ 77: 110–118.
-
20.
Torgerson PR, Karaeva RR, Corkeri N, Abdyjaparov TA, Kuttubaev OT, Shaikenov BS, 2003. Human cystic echinococcosis in Kyrgystan: an epidemiological study. Acta Trop 85: 51–61.
-
21.
Jenkins DJ, Romig T, Thompson RC, 2005. Emergence/re-emergence of Echinococcus spp.–a global update. Int J Parasitol 35: 1205–1219.
-
22.
Dinkel A, Njoroge EM, Zimmermann A, Walz M, Zeyhle E, Elmahdi IE, Mackenstedt U, Romig T, 2004. A PCR system for detection of species and genotypes of the Echinococcus granulosus-complex, with reference to the epidemiological situation in eastern Africa. Int J Parasitol 34: 645–653.
-
23.
Naidich A, McManus DP, Canova SG, Gutierrez AM, Zhang W, Guarnera EA, Rosenzvit MC, 2006. Patent and pre-patent detection of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in the definitive host. Mol Cell Probes 20: 5–10.
-
24.
Thompson RC, McManus DP, 2002. Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus Echinococcus. Trends Parasitol 18: 452–457.
-
25.
Craig PS, McManus DP, Lightowlers MW, Chabalgoity JA, Garcia HH, Gavidia CM, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Lorca M, Naquira C, Nieto A, Schantz PM, 2007. Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 385–394.
-
26.
Chow C, Gauci CG, Vural G, Jenkins DJ, Heath DD, Rosenzvit MC, Harandi MF, Lightowlers MW, 2008. Echinococcus granulosus: variability of the host-protective EG95 vaccine antigen in G6 and G7 genotypic variants. Exp Parasitol 119: 499–505.
-
27.
Lightowlers MW, Lawrence SB, Gauci CG, Young J, Ralston MJ, Maas D, Health DD, 1996. Vaccination against hydatidosis using a defined recombinant antigen. Parasite Immunol 18: 457–462.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 336 | 268 | 33 |
| Full Text Views | 763 | 7 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 167 | 6 | 1 |