ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
ICTV, 2016. Virus Taxonomy: 2016 Release. Birmingham, AL: International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, University of Birmingham. Available at: https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/. Accessed December 1, 2017.
-
2.
Fields B, 2013. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology, Vol. 2, 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
-
3.
Weaver SC, 2005. Host range, amplification and arboviral disease emergence. Arch Virol Suppl 19: 33–44.
-
4.
Weaver SC, Reisen WK, 2010. Present and future arboviral threats. Antiviral Res 85: 328–345.
-
5.
Nunes MRT et al. 2015. Emergence and potential for spread of chikungunya virus in Brazil. BMC Med 13: 102.
-
6.
Mota MT de O, Ribeiro MR, Vedovello D, 2015. Mayaro virus: a neglected arbovirus of the Americas. Future Virol 10: 1109–1122.
-
7.
Carrera J-P et al. 2013. Eastern equine encephalitis in Latin America. N Engl J Med 369: 732–744.
-
8.
Luciani K, Abadía I, Martínez-Torres AO, Cisneros J, Guerra IGM, Estripeaut DCJ, 2015. Madariaga virus infection associated with a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1130–1132.
-
9.
Brunini S, França DDS, Silva JB, Silva LN, Silva FPA, Spadoni M, Rezza G, 2017. High frequency of mayaro virus IgM among febrile patients, central Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 1025–1026.
-
10.
Somma Moreira RE, Campione-Piccardo J, Russi JC, Hortal de Giordano M, Bauzá CA, Peluffo G, Tosi HC, 1970. Arbovirus en el Uruguay. Arch Pediatr Urug 41: 359–363.
-
11.
Acha PN, Szyfres B, 2003. Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals: Chlamydioses, Rickettsioses and Viroses, 3rd edition. Washington, DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
-
12.
Delfraro A, Burgueño A, Morel N, González G, García A, Morelli J, Pérez W, Chiparelli H, Arbiza J, 2011. Fatal human case of western equine encephalitis, Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 952–954.
-
13.
Darsie R Jr., 1985. Mosquitoes of Argentina. Part I: keys for identification of adult females and fourth stage larvae in English and Spanish (Diptera, Culicidae). Mosq Syst 17: 153–253.
-
14.
Sánchez-Seco MP, Rosario D, Quiroz E, Guzmán G, Tenorio A, 2001. A generic nested-RT-PCR followed by sequencing for detection and identification of members of the alphavirus genus. J Virol Methods 95: 153–161.
-
15.
Hall TA, 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41: 95–98.
-
16.
Camacho C, Coulouris G, Avagyan V, Ma N, Papadopoulos J, Bealer K, Madden TL, 2009. BLAST+: architecture and applications. BMC Bioinformatics 10: 421.
-
17.
Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ, 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4673–4680.
-
18.
Keane TM, Creevey CJ, Pentony MM, Naughton TJ, McInerney JO, 2006. Assessment of methods for amino acid matrix selection and their use on empirical data shows that ad hoc assumptions for choice of matrix are not justified. BMC Evol Biol 6: 29.
-
19.
Burgueño A, Spinsanti L, Díaz LA, Rivarola ME, Arbiza J, Contigiani M, Delfraro A. 2013. Seroprevalence of St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus (Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) in horses, Uruguay. Biomed Res Int 2013: 582957.
-
20.
Earley E, Peralta PH, Johnson KM, 1967. A plaque neutralization method for arboviruses. Exp Biol Med 125: 741–747.
-
21.
Shope RE, Causey OR, De Andrade AH, 1964. The Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex of group A arthropod-borne viruses, including Mucambo and Pixuna from the Amazon region of Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 13: 723–727.
-
22.
Mitchell CJ, Monath TP, Sabattini MS, Cropp CB, Daffner JF, Calisher CH, Jakob WL, Christensen HA, 1985. Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977–1980. II. Arthropod collections and virus isolations from Argentine mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 945–955.
-
23.
Monath TP, Sabattini MS, Pauli R, Daffner JF, Mitchell CJ, Bowen GS, Cropp CB, 1985. Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977–1980. IV. Serologic surveys and sentinel equine program. Arthropod collections and virus isolations from argentine mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 945–955.
-
24.
Almirón WR, Brewer ME, 1996. Classification of immature stage habitats of Culicidae (Diptera) collected in Córdoba, Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 91: 1–9.
-
25.
Ludueña Almeida FF, Gorla DE, 1995. The biology of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) albifasciatus Macquart, 1838 (Diptera: Culicidae) in central Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 90: 463–468.
-
26.
Rossi GC, Martínez M, 2003. Mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) del Uruguay. Entomol Vect 10: 469–478.
-
27.
Rossi G C, Martínez M. 2013. Lista de especies y clave ilustrada para la identificación de larvas de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) halladas criando en recipientes artificiales en Uruguay. Bol Soc Zool Uruguay (2a época) 22: 49–65.
-
28.
Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA, 2015. Virus taxonomy: VIIIth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Virus Res 2005: 221–222.
-
29.
Contigiani MS, de Basualdo M, Cámara A, Ramírez A, Díaz G, González D, Medeot S, Osuna D, 1993. Presence of antibodies against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype VI in patients with acute febrile illness. Rev Argent Microbiol 25: 212–220.
-
30.
Pisano MB, Torres C, Ré VE, Farías AA, Sánchez Seco MP, Tenorio A, Campos R, Contigiani MS, 2014. Genetic and evolutionary characterization of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus isolates from Argentina. Infect Genet Evol 26: 72–79.
-
31.
Pisano MB, Spinsanti LI, Díaz LA, Farías AA, Almirón WR, Ré VE, Contigiani MS, 2012. First detection of Rio Negro virus (Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex subtype VI) in Cordoba, Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 107: 125–128.
-
32.
Arrigo NC, Adams AP, Weaver SC, 2010. Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision. J Virol 84: 1014–1025.
-
33.
Weaver SC et al. 1999. Molecular epidemiological studies of veterinary arboviral encephalitides. Vet J 157: 123–138.
-
34.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005. Eastern equine encephalitis. Epidemiology and geographical distribution. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/easternequineencephalitis/tech/epi.html. Accessed December 1, 2017.
-
35.
Richard Hoyos L, Juan Suaza V, Tenorio A, Uribe S, Gallego-Gómez J, 2015. Molecular detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes from La Pintada (Antioquia). Rev Mvz Cordoba 20: 4800–4806.
-
36.
Pisano MB, Contigiani MS, Re V, 2016. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Liu D, ed. Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens. Boca Ratón, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 269–276.
-
37.
Pisano MB, Oria G, Beskow G, Aguilar J, Konigheim B, Cacace ML, Aguirre L, Stein M, Contigiani MS, 2013. Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV) in Argentina: serological evidence of human infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2551.
-
38.
Corniou B, Ardoin P, Bartholomew C, Ince W, Massiah V, 1972. First isolation of a South American strain of eastern equine virus from a case of encephalitis in Trinidad. Trop Georg Med 24: 162–167.
-
39.
Alice F, 1956. Infeccao humana pelo virus “leste” da encefalite equine [in Brazil]. Bol Inst Biol da Bahia 3: 3–9.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 525 | 384 | 37 |
| Full Text Views | 753 | 23 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 203 | 24 | 1 |
Genomic Characterization and Seroprevalence Studies on Alphaviruses in Uruguay
Analía Burgueño
Analía Burgueño
Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay;
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Sandra Frabasile
Sandra Frabasile
Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay;
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Luis Adrián Díaz
Luis Adrián Díaz
Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella,” Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina;
Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina;
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Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina;
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Andrés Cabrera
Andrés Cabrera
Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay;
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María Belén Pisano
María Belén Pisano
Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella,” Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina;
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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María Elisa Rivarola
María Elisa Rivarola
Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella,” Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina;
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Marta Contigiani
Marta Contigiani
Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella,” Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina;
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Adriana Delfraro
Adriana Delfraro
Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay;
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Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) are arboviruses frequently associated with emerging infectious diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of alphaviruses in Uruguay by detecting the viral genome in mosquitoes and neutralizing antibodies in equines. A total of 3,575 mosquitoes were analyzed for alphavirus genome detection. Serologic studies were performed on 425 horse sera by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT80) against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) subtype IAB, Pixuna virus (PIXV), Rio Negro virus (RNV), western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), and Madariaga virus (MADV). Mosquitoes belonging to six genera were captured and 82.9% were identified as Culex pipiens. Two Cx. pipiens pools collected in Fray Bentos and Las Toscas localities were alphavirus positive, and phylogenetic analyses showed that the sequences grouped into two different clusters: the lineage I of eastern equine encephalitis virus and RNV (VEEV complex), respectively. Plaque reduction neutralization test assays showed antibodies against strains of the VEEV complex, MADV, and WEEV. Rio Negro virus was the most geographically widespread virus, showing higher seroprevalences (up to 20%). Seroprevalences against VEEV IAB ranged between 4.6% and 13%; antibodies against PIXV, WEEV, and MADV were less frequent (3–4%). In conclusion, RNV exhibited the highest seroprevalence in horses, a wide geographical distribution, and viral genome was detected in Cx. pipiens mosquitoes. Madariaga virus had a low seroprevalence in equines, but an epizootic lineage typical of North America was detected in Cx. pipiens mosquitoes. Taken together, our results show that alphaviruses are present in Uruguay with variable occurrence and geographical distribution being a potential threat for human and equine health.
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 207 KB)
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was partially funded by grants from Universidad de la República, Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (CSIC—UdelaR, proyectos I+D) to A. D. (field studies, genetic analyses of mosquito samples) and Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII, proyectos MERCOSUR educativo), grant no. MRC_C_2011_1_6 to A. D. and M. C. (travel expenses for training and meetings).
Authors’ addresses: Analía Burgueño, Sandra Frabasile, Andrés Cabrera, and Adriana Delfraro, Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay, E-mails: analiabq@gmail.com, frabasile05@gmail.com, andresmcc1@gmail.com, and adelfraro@gmail.com. Luis Adrián Díaz, Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella,” Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba—CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina, E-mail: ladriandiaz@gmail.com. María Belén Pisano, Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella,” Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), E-mail: mbelenpisano@gmail.com. María Elisa Rivarola and Marta Contigiani, Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella,” Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, E-mails: mariaelisarivarola@gmail.com and martascontigia@hotmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
ICTV, 2016. Virus Taxonomy: 2016 Release. Birmingham, AL: International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, University of Birmingham. Available at: https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/. Accessed December 1, 2017.
-
2.
Fields B, 2013. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology, Vol. 2, 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
-
3.
Weaver SC, 2005. Host range, amplification and arboviral disease emergence. Arch Virol Suppl 19: 33–44.
-
4.
Weaver SC, Reisen WK, 2010. Present and future arboviral threats. Antiviral Res 85: 328–345.
-
5.
Nunes MRT et al. 2015. Emergence and potential for spread of chikungunya virus in Brazil. BMC Med 13: 102.
-
6.
Mota MT de O, Ribeiro MR, Vedovello D, 2015. Mayaro virus: a neglected arbovirus of the Americas. Future Virol 10: 1109–1122.
-
7.
Carrera J-P et al. 2013. Eastern equine encephalitis in Latin America. N Engl J Med 369: 732–744.
-
8.
Luciani K, Abadía I, Martínez-Torres AO, Cisneros J, Guerra IGM, Estripeaut DCJ, 2015. Madariaga virus infection associated with a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1130–1132.
-
9.
Brunini S, França DDS, Silva JB, Silva LN, Silva FPA, Spadoni M, Rezza G, 2017. High frequency of mayaro virus IgM among febrile patients, central Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 1025–1026.
-
10.
Somma Moreira RE, Campione-Piccardo J, Russi JC, Hortal de Giordano M, Bauzá CA, Peluffo G, Tosi HC, 1970. Arbovirus en el Uruguay. Arch Pediatr Urug 41: 359–363.
-
11.
Acha PN, Szyfres B, 2003. Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals: Chlamydioses, Rickettsioses and Viroses, 3rd edition. Washington, DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
-
12.
Delfraro A, Burgueño A, Morel N, González G, García A, Morelli J, Pérez W, Chiparelli H, Arbiza J, 2011. Fatal human case of western equine encephalitis, Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 952–954.
-
13.
Darsie R Jr., 1985. Mosquitoes of Argentina. Part I: keys for identification of adult females and fourth stage larvae in English and Spanish (Diptera, Culicidae). Mosq Syst 17: 153–253.
-
14.
Sánchez-Seco MP, Rosario D, Quiroz E, Guzmán G, Tenorio A, 2001. A generic nested-RT-PCR followed by sequencing for detection and identification of members of the alphavirus genus. J Virol Methods 95: 153–161.
-
15.
Hall TA, 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41: 95–98.
-
16.
Camacho C, Coulouris G, Avagyan V, Ma N, Papadopoulos J, Bealer K, Madden TL, 2009. BLAST+: architecture and applications. BMC Bioinformatics 10: 421.
-
17.
Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ, 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4673–4680.
-
18.
Keane TM, Creevey CJ, Pentony MM, Naughton TJ, McInerney JO, 2006. Assessment of methods for amino acid matrix selection and their use on empirical data shows that ad hoc assumptions for choice of matrix are not justified. BMC Evol Biol 6: 29.
-
19.
Burgueño A, Spinsanti L, Díaz LA, Rivarola ME, Arbiza J, Contigiani M, Delfraro A. 2013. Seroprevalence of St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus (Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) in horses, Uruguay. Biomed Res Int 2013: 582957.
-
20.
Earley E, Peralta PH, Johnson KM, 1967. A plaque neutralization method for arboviruses. Exp Biol Med 125: 741–747.
-
21.
Shope RE, Causey OR, De Andrade AH, 1964. The Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex of group A arthropod-borne viruses, including Mucambo and Pixuna from the Amazon region of Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 13: 723–727.
-
22.
Mitchell CJ, Monath TP, Sabattini MS, Cropp CB, Daffner JF, Calisher CH, Jakob WL, Christensen HA, 1985. Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977–1980. II. Arthropod collections and virus isolations from Argentine mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 945–955.
-
23.
Monath TP, Sabattini MS, Pauli R, Daffner JF, Mitchell CJ, Bowen GS, Cropp CB, 1985. Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977–1980. IV. Serologic surveys and sentinel equine program. Arthropod collections and virus isolations from argentine mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 945–955.
-
24.
Almirón WR, Brewer ME, 1996. Classification of immature stage habitats of Culicidae (Diptera) collected in Córdoba, Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 91: 1–9.
-
25.
Ludueña Almeida FF, Gorla DE, 1995. The biology of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) albifasciatus Macquart, 1838 (Diptera: Culicidae) in central Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 90: 463–468.
-
26.
Rossi GC, Martínez M, 2003. Mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) del Uruguay. Entomol Vect 10: 469–478.
-
27.
Rossi G C, Martínez M. 2013. Lista de especies y clave ilustrada para la identificación de larvas de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) halladas criando en recipientes artificiales en Uruguay. Bol Soc Zool Uruguay (2a época) 22: 49–65.
-
28.
Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA, 2015. Virus taxonomy: VIIIth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Virus Res 2005: 221–222.
-
29.
Contigiani MS, de Basualdo M, Cámara A, Ramírez A, Díaz G, González D, Medeot S, Osuna D, 1993. Presence of antibodies against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype VI in patients with acute febrile illness. Rev Argent Microbiol 25: 212–220.
-
30.
Pisano MB, Torres C, Ré VE, Farías AA, Sánchez Seco MP, Tenorio A, Campos R, Contigiani MS, 2014. Genetic and evolutionary characterization of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus isolates from Argentina. Infect Genet Evol 26: 72–79.
-
31.
Pisano MB, Spinsanti LI, Díaz LA, Farías AA, Almirón WR, Ré VE, Contigiani MS, 2012. First detection of Rio Negro virus (Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex subtype VI) in Cordoba, Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 107: 125–128.
-
32.
Arrigo NC, Adams AP, Weaver SC, 2010. Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision. J Virol 84: 1014–1025.
-
33.
Weaver SC et al. 1999. Molecular epidemiological studies of veterinary arboviral encephalitides. Vet J 157: 123–138.
-
34.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005. Eastern equine encephalitis. Epidemiology and geographical distribution. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/easternequineencephalitis/tech/epi.html. Accessed December 1, 2017.
-
35.
Richard Hoyos L, Juan Suaza V, Tenorio A, Uribe S, Gallego-Gómez J, 2015. Molecular detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes from La Pintada (Antioquia). Rev Mvz Cordoba 20: 4800–4806.
-
36.
Pisano MB, Contigiani MS, Re V, 2016. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Liu D, ed. Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens. Boca Ratón, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 269–276.
-
37.
Pisano MB, Oria G, Beskow G, Aguilar J, Konigheim B, Cacace ML, Aguirre L, Stein M, Contigiani MS, 2013. Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV) in Argentina: serological evidence of human infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2551.
-
38.
Corniou B, Ardoin P, Bartholomew C, Ince W, Massiah V, 1972. First isolation of a South American strain of eastern equine virus from a case of encephalitis in Trinidad. Trop Georg Med 24: 162–167.
-
39.
Alice F, 1956. Infeccao humana pelo virus “leste” da encefalite equine [in Brazil]. Bol Inst Biol da Bahia 3: 3–9.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 525 | 384 | 37 |
| Full Text Views | 753 | 23 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 203 | 24 | 1 |