Susceptibility to Miltefosine in Brazilian Clinical Isolates of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis

Caroline R. Espada Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

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Fatima Ribeiro-Dias Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.

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Miriam L. Dorta Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.

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Ledice Inácia de Araújo Pereira Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.

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Edgar M. de Carvalho Serviço de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.

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Paulo R. Machado Serviço de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.

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Albert Schriefer Serviço de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.

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Jenicer K. U. Yokoyama-Yasunaka Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

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Adriano C. Coelho Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

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Silvia R. B. Uliana Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

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Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the main causative species of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of 16 clinical isolates of L. (V.) braziliensis from different regions of Brazil to miltefosine in vitro. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of miltefosine varied from 22.9 to 144.2 μM against promastigotes and from 0.3 to 4.2 μM against intracellular amastigotes. No significant differences were found between isolates of different geographical origins. A clear correlation between the EC50 against promastigotes and amastigotes within each isolate was found. These findings contribute to the evaluation of miltefosine's potential and limitations for the treatment of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Silvia R. B. Uliana, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: srbulian@icb.usp.br
† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Financial support: This work was supported by grants 2011/20484-7 and 2015/09080-2, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant 473343/2012-6, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). CRE (2015/05130-5) and ACC (2012/14629-5) were supported by FAPESP fellowships. SRBU and EMC receive senior researcher scholarships from CNPq. FR-D is a research fellow of CNPq.

Authors' addresses: Caroline R. Espada, Jenicer K. U. Yokoyama-Yasunaka, and Silvia R. B. Uliana, Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mails: caroline.respada@gmail.com, jenicerk@usp.br, and srbulian@icb.usp.br. Fátima Ribeiro-Dias, Miriam L. Dorta, and Ledice Inácia de Araújo Pereira, Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil, E-mails: fatimardias@gmail.com, mledorta@gmail.com, and ledicepereira@gmail.com. Edgar M. de Carvalho, Paulo R. Machado, and Albert Schriefer, Serviço de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, E-mails: edgar@ufba.br, prlmachado@hotmail.com, and nab.schriefer@gmail.com. Adriano C. Coelho, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, E-mail: accoelho@unicamp.br.

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