ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Raoult D, Roux V, 1999. The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases. Clin Infect Dis 29: 888–911.
-
2.
Chosidow O, Chastang C, Brue C, Bouvet E, Izri M, Monteny N, Bastuji-Garin S, Rousset JJ, Revuz J, 1994. Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis-infested schoolchildren. Lancet 344: 1724–1727.
-
3.
Houhamdi L, Lepidi H, Drancourt M, Raoult D, 2006. Experimental model to evaluate the human body louse as a vector of plague. J Infect Dis 194: 1589–1596.
-
4.
Reed DL, Smith VS, Hammond SL, Rogers AR, Clayton DH, 2004. Genetic analysis of lice supports direct contact between modern and archaic humans. PLoS Biol 2: e340.
-
5.
Boutellis A, Abi-Rached L, Raoult D, 2014. The origin and distribution of human lice in the world. Infect Genet Evol 23: 209–217.
-
6.
Mumcuoglu KY, 2008. Human lice: Pediculus and Pthirus. Raoult D, eds. Paleomicrobiology: Past Human Infections. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 215–222.
-
7.
Araujo A, Ferreira LF, Guidon N, Maues Da Serra FN, Reinhard KJ, Dittmar K, 2000. Ten thousand years of head lice infection. Parasitol Today 16: 269.
-
8.
Raoult D, Reed DL, Dittmar K, Kirchman JJ, Rolain JM, Guillen S, Light JE, 2008. Molecular identification of lice from pre-Columbian mummies. J Infect Dis 197: 535–543.
-
9.
Boutellis A, Drali R, Rivera MA, Mumcuoglu KY, Raoult D, 2013. Evidence of sympatry of clade A and clade B head lice in a pre-Columbian Chilean mummy from Camarones. PLoS One 8: e76818.
-
10.
Bar-Adon P, 1980. The Cave of the Treasure: The Finds from the Caves in Nahal Mishmar. Jerusalem, Israel: Israel Exploration Society.
-
11.
Baginski A, Shamir O, 1995. Early Islamic textiles, basketry and cordage from Nahal Omer, Israel. Aticot 26: 21–42.
-
12.
Negev A, 1966. The date of the Petra–Gaza road. Palest Explor Q 98: 89–98.
-
13.
Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG, 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947–2948.
-
14.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
-
15.
Raoult D, Dutour O, Houhamdi L, Jankauskas R, Fournier PE, Ardagna Y, Drancourt M, Signoli M, La VD, Macia Y, Aboudharam G, 2006. Evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius. J Infect Dis 193: 112–120.
-
16.
Lewis B, 1992. Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
-
17.
Richards M, Rengo C, Cruciani F, Gratrix F, Wilson JF, Scozzari R, Macaulay V, Torroni A, 2003. Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations. Am J Hum Genet 72: 1058–1064.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 157 | 142 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 257 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 68 | 6 | 0 |
Studies of Ancient Lice Reveal Unsuspected Past Migrations of Vectors
Rezak Drali
Rezak Drali
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu
Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gonca Yesilyurt
Gonca Yesilyurt
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Didier Raoult
Didier Raoult
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lice are among the oldest parasites of humans representing an excellent marker of the evolution and migration of our species over time. Here, we analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) developed in this study the mitochondrial DNA of seven ancient head louse eggs found on hair remains recovered from two sites in Israel: 1) five nits dating from Chalcolithic period (4,000 bc) were found in the Cave of the Treasure located at Nahal Mishmar, in the Judean Desert and 2) two nits dating from Early Islamic Period (ad 650–810) were found in Nahal Omer in the Arava Valley (between Dead Sea and Red Sea). Our results suggest that these eggs belonged to people originating from west Africa based on identification of the louse mitochondrial sub-clade specific to that region.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Rezak Drali and Didier Raoult, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, E-mails: rezakdrali@hotmail.com and didier.raoult@gmail.com. Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu and Gonca Yesilyurt, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, E-mails: kostasm@ekmd.huji.ac.il and emine.gonca.yesilyurt@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Raoult D, Roux V, 1999. The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases. Clin Infect Dis 29: 888–911.
-
2.
Chosidow O, Chastang C, Brue C, Bouvet E, Izri M, Monteny N, Bastuji-Garin S, Rousset JJ, Revuz J, 1994. Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis-infested schoolchildren. Lancet 344: 1724–1727.
-
3.
Houhamdi L, Lepidi H, Drancourt M, Raoult D, 2006. Experimental model to evaluate the human body louse as a vector of plague. J Infect Dis 194: 1589–1596.
-
4.
Reed DL, Smith VS, Hammond SL, Rogers AR, Clayton DH, 2004. Genetic analysis of lice supports direct contact between modern and archaic humans. PLoS Biol 2: e340.
-
5.
Boutellis A, Abi-Rached L, Raoult D, 2014. The origin and distribution of human lice in the world. Infect Genet Evol 23: 209–217.
-
6.
Mumcuoglu KY, 2008. Human lice: Pediculus and Pthirus. Raoult D, eds. Paleomicrobiology: Past Human Infections. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 215–222.
-
7.
Araujo A, Ferreira LF, Guidon N, Maues Da Serra FN, Reinhard KJ, Dittmar K, 2000. Ten thousand years of head lice infection. Parasitol Today 16: 269.
-
8.
Raoult D, Reed DL, Dittmar K, Kirchman JJ, Rolain JM, Guillen S, Light JE, 2008. Molecular identification of lice from pre-Columbian mummies. J Infect Dis 197: 535–543.
-
9.
Boutellis A, Drali R, Rivera MA, Mumcuoglu KY, Raoult D, 2013. Evidence of sympatry of clade A and clade B head lice in a pre-Columbian Chilean mummy from Camarones. PLoS One 8: e76818.
-
10.
Bar-Adon P, 1980. The Cave of the Treasure: The Finds from the Caves in Nahal Mishmar. Jerusalem, Israel: Israel Exploration Society.
-
11.
Baginski A, Shamir O, 1995. Early Islamic textiles, basketry and cordage from Nahal Omer, Israel. Aticot 26: 21–42.
-
12.
Negev A, 1966. The date of the Petra–Gaza road. Palest Explor Q 98: 89–98.
-
13.
Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG, 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947–2948.
-
14.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
-
15.
Raoult D, Dutour O, Houhamdi L, Jankauskas R, Fournier PE, Ardagna Y, Drancourt M, Signoli M, La VD, Macia Y, Aboudharam G, 2006. Evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius. J Infect Dis 193: 112–120.
-
16.
Lewis B, 1992. Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
-
17.
Richards M, Rengo C, Cruciani F, Gratrix F, Wilson JF, Scozzari R, Macaulay V, Torroni A, 2003. Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations. Am J Hum Genet 72: 1058–1064.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 157 | 142 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 257 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 68 | 6 | 0 |